FLORA CAPENSIS:
BEING A
Systematic Description of the Plants
OF THE
CAPE COLONY, CAFFRARIA, & PORT NATAL.
BY WILLIAM H. HARVEY, M.D., FBS. PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF DUBLIN, ETC., ETC., ETC. AND
OTTO WILHELM SONDER, Pu. D.
OF HAMBURGH,
MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL LEOP, CAROLINE ACADEMY NATURZ CURIOSORUM, ETC,, ETC., ETC.
VOLUME IIL RUBIACEH TO CAMPANULACEZ.
a DUBLIN: HODGES, SMITH, AND CO., 104, GRAFTON-STREET, Booksellers to the University. CAPETOWN: L C. JUTA.
1864-1865.
Missour! BoTANIcAD GARDEN LIBRARY
PREFACE.
——ae——
Tuts third volume contains the Orders of CALYCIFLOR with a
monopetalous corolla and an inferior ovary. The fourth volume
(shortly to be in preparation for press) will, it is hoped, include
the Heaths (Hricee) and all the Monopetale with superior
ovaries, 4. €. the COROLLIFLOR& proper. The fifth volume will
probably take in all the MonocHLAMYDE, and the sixth the - Mownocotyieponss and Ferns, completing the work.
At this stage of their publication the authors feel themselves unwillingly compelled to fix the price of the present and future volumes at eighteen shillings, instead of selling them at twelve
_ shillings, as charged for Vols. I. and IJ. Those volumes, having
been published at the lower price, will continue to be sold at it.
The advance is only to be charged on Vols. IIT, IV., V., VI.
This measure has become necessary in self defence, owing to the
price of the earlier volumes having been fixed much too low;
for, after paying expenses and allowing for interest of money,
_ although a considerable part of the edition has been sold, the
_ profits are still in expectancy. Nor do they anticipate that the
“3 purchasers of this work, on reflection, will consider the price
___—heaeeforward to be charged as unreasonably high. On the con-
ont: it will be found rather wnder than over that charged for
similar works. The Australian Flora of Mr. Bentham, a work
on a similar plan, and one that will include fully as many volumes,
sells at twenty shillings per volume, and no one complains that
this price is excessive. The volumes of the Cape Flora are of
equal size, and equally closely printed. Both works stand on a
somewhat similar footing, namely, that they enjoy government grants of £150 each volume, in aid of publication.
vi PREFACE.
The authors have again to express to their many kind friends in South Africa their renewed thanks for collections of speci- mens sent during the publication of the present volume. Among their older correspondents, already mentioned in Vols. I. and II., those who have most constantly contributed specimens during the publication of Vol. III. have been Mrs. F. W. BarBer and her brother Henry Bowker, Esq., who continue unremittingly and successfully their joint explorations; J. SANDERSON, Esq., of Natal; and Messrs. GERRARD and McKEN, of the same colony. These last-named gentlemen have contributed, within the last two years, over one thousand species of plants, including many novelties,
In the preface to Vol. II. mention was made of a collection of Damaraland plants received from “ Miss Elliott:” the author's thanks should have been offered to that lady by her married name, Mrs. KOLBE.
The authors now present their thanks to the following new correspondents for their respective contributions :
To GEORGE FANNIN, Esq., of the Dargle, Maritzburg, Natal, for very interesting collections of plants, including many novel- ties, made in the neighbourhood of his residence. Among the more noticeable is a noble new species of Anemone (A. Fanninii, H.), with flowers fully larger than those of A. Capensis, and broad, digitately many-lobed, thick, and softly-velvetty leaves ; a most desirable plant to introduce to gardens.
To PrererR Mac Owan, Esq., Principal of Shaw’s College, Grahamstown, for several hundred species of the plants of his district, most carefully and beautifully dried. From none of their correspondents have the authors received more admirably prepared specimens, and though the immediate neighbourhood of Grahamstown is not particularly rich, and has already been well beaten over, Mr. Mac Owan has already detected more than one new species, and has added to the Flora the Nuaia congesta, of Abyssinia. A greater service to South African Botany has also been rendered by Mr. Mac Owan, in that he has succeeded in
|
PREFACE, Vil
introducing among the pupils under his care a taste for Botany, which may lead to great results in the next generation. Among his most promising botanical pupils is Mr. R. W. Reape, who has contributed many interesting species, especially of Composite, and whose well dried specimens do credit to his teacher.
To J. CHAPMAN, Esq., for a very considerable collection of the plants of the regions to the north of the Colony, in the direction and neighbourhood of Lake Ngami. This collection unfortunately suffered much in its long transit from the interior, and afterwards lay for a couple of years among lumber in a store in Capetown, from which it was rescued through the exertions of —— LAYARD, Esq., of the South African Museum, who most obligingly sought it out and forwarded it to Dublin. Though many of the specimens had perished, and others were much injured, a consi- derable number are in a state fit for examination.
To Mrs. Octavius Bowker, through her sister-in-law Mrs. F. W. Barer, for an interesting parcel of plants collected in the Orange Free State.
To Colonel BLAGRAVE for specimens of the Hymenophylla found about Table Mountain, &c.
To Captain BULGER for specimens collected at Windvogelsberg, and some Orchids from the neighbourhood of Capetown.
Lastly, to the Rev. Dr. J. CroumBie Browy, Colonial Botanist, for his unremitting kind attention to the interests of this work, and for the zeal which he has shown, since his appointment, in endeavouring to promote the study of botany in all parts of the
Colony, and among the neighbouring extra-colonial missionaries.
The authors trust that his untiring efforts to diffuse botanical information throughout the Colony will in due time yield an abundant harvest.
To our friends in Europe, already mentioned in Vol. I, we have again to offer our best thanks for their continued support and assistance. And more especially our obligations are due to Sir W. J. Hooker, for the continued free use of the noble Kew Herbarium ; and to Professors Fries and AREscHOUG for the
Vili PREFACE.
equally free use of such portions of Thunberg’s Herbarium as we desired to consult. The examination of the Thunbergian Com- posite has enabled Dr. Harvey to verify many of the obscure species of older authors, and in many cases to correct the synony- my. And Dr. Sonder has similarly profited, in his troublesome task on the synonymy of the Campanulacece. ee Since the publication of our last volume South dices B Botaty——___ has lost in Dr. Lupovic Papp#, late Colonial Botanist, a most _ diligent, devoted and successful explorer. His large herbarium, the result of many years labour, has been purchased by the Colonial Government for £200, and is now in course of arrange- ment. A portion containing the orders from Ranwneulacee to Umbellifere inclusive, is already accessible to the student, and it is hoped that before the end of the present year the portion available for study will extend to the end of Campanulacee. When the whole shall have been completed the South African student will possess, at Capetown, an aid to study better than any book of reference. Nor can the authors close this preface without a tribute of - gratitude to Rawson W. Rawson, Esq,, late Colonial Secretary, and now Governor of the Bahamas. To the active interest which from the first Mr. Rawson took in their undertaking, and to his powerful advocacy in the Colonial Parliament, are greatly due the very existence of the Flora. Nor was his assistance limited to the greater acts of patronage which became his station, but extended to the smallest details, such as the forwarding of par-— :
cels, &c.: in every detail and on every occasion he was invitie:!!y kind and considerate, es
Trinity College, Dublin, 24th Feb., 1865.
BOM:
a eee on oe
TX:
~
SEQUENCE OF ORDERS CONTAINED IN VOLUME IIL. WITH BRIEF CHARACTERS.
essortnene eno ee
Continuation of Sub-Class II. Canycirrtorm. Ord. LX XITI-LXX VIL
LXXII. RUBIACES (page 1). Cal. adnate. Cor. monopetalous, epigynous, 4-6-lobed, regular. Stam. 4-6, on the cor. tube, and alternate with its lobes.
* Ovary inferior, of 2 or several cells; ovules solitary or many; style simple, rarely bifid. Fruit a capsule, berry or drupe, or a pair of dry nuts; seeds albuminous. (Leaves opposite, quite entire, with interpétiolar stipules. Trees, shrubs, or herbs. )
LXXIV. VALERIANEA (page 39). Cal. adnate. Cor. tubular, epigynous, 5-3-4-lobed, unequal; lobes imbricate in bud, Stam. 1-5, on the cor. tube. Ovary inferior, 1-3-celled ; ovules solitary, pendulous. Fruit 1-seeded, dry ; seed pendulous, without albumen. (Leaves opposite, often cut or lobed, without sti- pules. Fl, eymose.) :
LXXV. DIPSACEZ: (page 41). Fl. in heads on a common receptacle, girt by a general involucre; each fl. also seated in a cup-like, dry, persistent involucre. Cor. epigynous, tubular; limb oblique, 4—5-lobed, imbricate in bud. Stam. 4, on the cor, tube, 2 mostly longer ; fil. exserted; anth. distinct. Ovary inferior, r-celled; ovules solitary, pendulous. Fruit dry, enclosed in the involucel, 1-seeded ; seed albuminous. (Leaves opposite or whorled, often much divided, without stipules. )
LXXVI. COMPOSITA (page 44). FJ. in heads on a common receptacle, girt by a general involucre, no involucel. Cor. epigynous, tubular, valvate in bud. Anth. syngenesious. Ovary inferior, 1-celled ; ovule solitary, erect. Fruit a dry achene; seed exalbuminous. (A vast family, much diversified ; see the detailed
__ observations given at p. 45.) — | AMPANULACES | 530). Cal. tube adnate ; limb 3-10-lobed or subtruncate. - Cor. monop-talous (rarely cleft to the base); the lobes valvate or induplicate in bud. Stam. mostly epigynous, very rarely on the cor. tube anth. separate or syngenesious. Ovary inferior or half-inferior, 2-10-celled ; ovules mostly numerous, rarely few or solitary. Fruit a capsule or berry, rarely a drupe. (Juice often acrid-milky. Lvs. mostly alternate, without stipules. Fi. regular or irregular, in racemes or panicles, or solitary.)
“ee
.
| FLORA CAPENSIS,
Orper LXXIII. RUBIACEA, Juss (By W. Sonper).
Flowers regular, mostly bisexual, complete. Calyx-tube adhering to the ovary; the limb 4~6 lobed or toothed, sometimes obsolete. Corolla monopetalous, epigynous, 4-6 lobed, deciduous, either valvate or spi- rally-imbricate in estivation. Stamens inserted in the tube of the co- . rolla, as many as its lobes, and alternate with them. Ovary inferior, of a. two or several cells, crowned with an epigynous disc, and usually with the sub-persistent calyx tube ; ovules one or many in each cell ; style
single, filiform, simple or, in theStellate, bifid ; stigma mostly thickened, bifid or bilamellate ; capitate in Stellate; long and hairy in Anthosper- mee, Fruit either a capsule, berry, or drupe, or a pair of dry nuts co- hering by their faces. Seeds with copious, fleshy, or horny albumen. Radicle next the hilum,
A very large Order, consisting of trees, shrubs, half-shrubs, and minute herbs dispersed over the globe, but chiefly abundant in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Leaves opposite, simple, quite entire, midribbed, and mostly penninerved. Stipules constantly present, interpetiolar, usually small, and connate into a toothed or awned lamina ; in the Stellate leafiike and separate. Many important products are derived from this Order, as Peruvian Bark from various species of Cinchona and allied genera ;
: Tpecacuanha from the roots of Cephaelis and others ; Gambir, an intensely astringent substance from Nauclea ; and above all Coffee, from the berries of Coffea Arabica. The wood of the arborescent kinds is hard, close, and heavy, and that of several of the S. African species in use for making yokes, axles, fellies, ploughs, &e. (See Pappe, Syiva Capensis, p. 18-19.) _ TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA. * Cells of the fruit many-seeded.
Tribe 1. Garnpentace®. /rwié indehiscent, fleshy, 2- (rarely by abortion 1-) celled. Seeds not winged.—Shrubs.
-—$,Burehellia.—Uorol/a clayato-infundibuliform, limb short. Stamens about the
middlebthe tube. FP 9 onge e ; II. Oxyanthus.—Cprei/a with a very long, slender tube. Stamens exserted. Style
clavate. Fruit berry-like. #7 9 ; ctor ay IIL. Stylocoryne.— Corolla salver-shaped or funnel-shaped, with a cylindrical tube. - Stigma clavate. Berry dry. 4 ,
Gardenia.— Corolla salver-shaped, with along be ; limb spreading, 5-9-cl
Stamens in the throat of the tube. Berry fleshy. : V. Randia.— Corolla funnel-shaped, with ashort tube. Stigmas 2. Berry nearly dry. 7
| Tribe 2. HepyoTme®. Fruit dehiscent, capsular, 2-celled. Seeds not winged. 4 VI. Hedyotis.—Small herbs. “77 * ** Cells of the fruit 1-seeded, or rarely 2-seeded.
Tribe 3. GuErTarDAce®. Fruit drupaceous, with 2-10 pyrene (or nuts). Seeds terete (without longitudinal furrow).—Shrubs or small trees. VII. Vangueria. “/3-
Tribe 4. ALBERTIEM. Fruit dry, 10-ribbed and furrowed, 2-celled. Seeds convex at back, flat in front, without furrow. Adbumen fleshy. Shrub or tree.
VIII. Alberta — Calyx 5-lobed, 3 lobes small, 2 larger, ear-shaped, much enlarged in fruit, “/> voL. I, 1
now iaee
2 RUBIACE (Sond.) [Burchellia.
Tribe s. CoFFEACER. Fruit a 2-celled berry. Seeds convex at the back, flat, and with a longitudinal furrow in front. Albumen horny.—Trees or shrubs ; very rarely herbs.
IX. Canthium.—Corolla with a short tube, 4-5-lobed, bearded or naked in the throat ; wstivation valvate. Style filiform, exserted. Stigma undivided, thick, ovato-globose or mitreform. #74
X. Plectronia.—Corolla short, funnel-shaped, 5§-lobed, bearded or naked in the throat. Style short. Stigma bilamellar. 77
XI. Pavetta. Limb of calyx 4-toothed. Corolla salver-shaped, wi long, slender tube, and 4-parted limb, imbricate in bud. Style much exserted.
XII. Grumilea.— Limb of calyx §-toothed. Corolla with a short tube, villous atthe
throat ; valvate in bud. Stigma bifid. 2/
XIII. Kraussia.— Limb of calyx 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a short obconi- cal tube, 5-cleft, imbricate in bud. Styleshort. Stigma clavate, striato-lamellate, bifid or bidentate, 22
XIV. Bunburya.—Limb of calyx bilabiate, 6-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, 6-lobed, imbricatein bud. Style filiform. Stigma bilamellate, lamells short, acute. Tribe 6. Spermacoce#. Fruit nearly dry, with 2-6 pyrene or nuts. Stigma
bilamellar, or globose, undivided.— Herbs, rarely shrublets. Stipules commonly split
into several bristles.
XY. Spermacoce.—Flowers axillary, crowded. Corolla salver or funnel-shaped, with
2a
a short tube, naked inside. Capsule 2-celled, nuts divisible into 2 parts from the
apex, one open, the other closed. 23
XVI. Pentanisia.— Flowers terminal, capitate-spiked. Corolla very long, naked in- side. Capsule bipartible into 2 indehiscent nuts. 24
XVII. Mitracarpum.— F/owers in axillary and terminal heads. Corolla with a cir- cular line of hairs inside. Capsule membranous, circumcised. 75~
XVIII. Hydrophylax.—Flowers axillary, solitary or geminate. Stigma roundly 2-lobed. Fruit dry, corky, angular. 23— Tribe 7. ANTHOSPERMEX. Fruit nearly dry, bipartite (rarely fleshy and 2-celled).
Stigmas 1 or 2, much elongated, hairy. Albumen fieshy.—Small shrubs or herbs.
Stipules small, 1~-3-toothed. Flowers often dicecious. 76
XIX. Galopina.—Limb of calyx very minute. Fruit of 2 mericarps ; commissure flattish. Stigmas 2.—Large terminal panicle.
XX. Anthospermum.— Limb of calyx 4-5-toothed. Fruit of 2 mericarps ; commis- sure concave. Stigmas 2.—Flowers axillary or subpanicled. 26
XXI. Carpacoce.—Limb of calyx 4-5-lobed. Fruit subdidymous, 2-seeded, or by abortion nearly terete, t-seeded. Stigma 1.—Flowers axillary, solitary, 3%
XXII. Ambraria.— Fruit spuriously 3-4-celled. Stigmas 2. 33
Tribe 8. Srentat#. Fruit dry, biparted (a cremocarp), rarely fleshy and 2-celled. ~~
— bipartite. Stigmas capitate.—Herbaceous plants, with (spuriously) whorled eaves,
XXIII. Rubia.—Corolla 5-parted. Fruit fleshy. 34 XXIV. Galium.—Corolla 4-parted. Fruit ay, IT
TRIBE I.—GARDENIACEAE (Gen. 1.-V.)
I. BURCHELLIA, R. Brown.
Calyx-tube obovate ; limb equally 5-cleft beyond the middle, and drawn out above the ovarium. Corolla clavately funnel-shaped ; the inner surface of the tube glabrous, except a hearded circle near the bottom ; throat naked; lobes imbricated and twisted in sstivation. Stamens 5, inserted in the middle of the tube ; filaments very short ; anthers inclosed. Stigma oblong-clavate, bearing 5 convex crests, and a series of tufts of hairs. Berry sub-globose, crowned by the calyx, 2-celled. Placentas adnate to the dissepiment. Seeds angular, embryo slender. DC. 1. c. 4, p. 368. Endl. Gen. n. 3315.
Oxyanthus. | RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 3
_A shrub with petiolate, ovate, coriaceous leaves, intrapetiolar, cuspidate, deciduous stipulae, and terminal, capitate, sessile, scarlet flowers. Named in honour of William Burchell, the zealous and meritorious investigator of South Africa.
1, B, Capensis (R. Brown in Ker. Bot. Reg. t. 466); leaves on short petioles, ovate, acute, subcordate, entire, downy. Pappe Sylv. cap. p. 18. E. Z. n. 2285. Lonicera bubalina, L. fil. suppl. p. 146. B. Kraussii, Hochst! Flora, 1842, p.237. Zeyh. 2702.
Var. 8. parviflora; leaves oval-lanceolate, smoothish, flowers a little smaller. B. parviflora, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 891. E. Z. n. 2286. B. bubalina, Sims. Bot. Mag. t. 2339. Lonicera bubalina, Thunb./ jl. cap. p. 187. -
Has. Forests of Swellendam, George, Uitenhage, Albany, Caffraria, and Port Natal. Oct. Nov. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd.)
A tree 12-14 feet high, called Buffeldoorn. Branches opposite, erect. Leaves about 3-5 inches long, 14-3 inches broad, mostly subcordate at the base, pilose or pubescent beneath ; in var. , usually 2-3 inches long, 1 inch broad and rarely sub- cordate, nearly glabrous or with a few hairs on the middle nerve. Flowers 9-10 lines long, of a deep scarlet colour, adpressed hairy outside, in var. 8. 8-9 lines long, orange-coloured. Limb of the corolla ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute. An- thers pointed, nearly sessile in the upper part, or near the middle of the corolla. Style as long as the corolla. Fruit 4 lines long, shorter than the calyx lobes.
Il. OXYANTHUS, DC.
Calyz-tube obovate, limb short, acutely 5-toothed. Corolla with a very long tube, a glabrous throat and a 5-parted, regular limb, with oblong and acuminated segments. Stamens 5, rising from the throat of the corolla, free, exserted; anthers acute. Style filiform, clavate at the apex. Fruit baccate, 2-celled. Seeds numerous. Albumen cartila-
. ginous. Cotyledons foliaceous. DC.l.¢.p. 374. Endl. gen. n. 3307-
Shrubs with elliptic, acuminated, short-petioled leaves, oblong, triangular, decidu- ous stipules, and axillary, racemose-corymbose peduncles. Name from otvs, sharp, and av@os, a flower, in reference to the acute teeth of the calyx and segments of the corolla.
Leaves elliptic-oblong or ovate-lanceolate: tube of the corolla <
pity Dr ate the leaves nik abs = calor bes, gal” ovy (2) SaaRORes,
Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate: tube of the corolla 6-8
times shorter than the leaves ... ... -. ss. vss vs «+» (2) Gerrardi. Leaves ovate-cordate, cuspidate. ...0 ... © ee. (see Vee Yiaee wee
Krauss (fructifera ). i “i Has. Et a in woods, Port Natal, Krauss. 110. Gueinzius, 432. Cooper,
1227. July. (Herb. Sd., D.) : ice aus
Leaves penninerved, in our specimens 7-8 inches long, 3 inches broad, not g Raceme about 16-20-flowered. Calyx 3-3} lines, teeth 14 line long. Tube of the corolla 24 inches, lobes 7-8 lines long, subulate. Fil. short ; anthers exserted. Berry pomiform, 1 inch or more long, glabrous, crowned by the calyx lobes, 2-celled, many- seeded. Seeds ovate, compressed. Very similar to 0. speciosus, DC.
2. 0. Gerrardi (Sond.); branches and calyx glabrous ; leaves elliptic- | -
4 RUBIACEE (Sond.) [Stylocoryne.
lanceolate, acuminate, quite entire, glabrous, but bearded in the axils of the nerves beneath ; stipules ovate, acuminate, twice longer than the petiole; racemes axillary, corymbose, dense-flowered ; teeth of calyx sub- ulate, shorter than the tube ; tube of corolla 6-8 times shorter than the leaves ; style exserted.
Has. Natal, Gerr. ¢ M‘K. 1389; Cooper, 1102; Sander. 616. Feb.-Mar. (Hb. D.)
A large shrub, sometimes alow tree. Leaves 6-8 inches long, 2-23 inches broad, shining, penninerved, nerves in the axils with a tuft of whitish hairs, Racemes 25-30-flowered, flowers white. Calyx 2 lines long. Tube of corolla 1 inch, the long pointed lobes 4-5 lines long. ‘This comes very near 0. Natalensis, but differs in the short tube of the corolla, :
3. 0. latifolius (Sond.); branches, leaves, and calyx quite glabrous ; leaves ovate-cordate, cuspidate, quite entire ; stipules 3-angular-ovate, acu- minate, twice longer than the petiole; racemes axillary, lax-flowered ; teeth of calyx subulate, about equalling the tube ; tube of corolla one- half shorter than the leaves, style exserted.
Has. Umgena, Port Natal, Gerr. ¢ M‘K. 718. Dec. (Herb. D., Sd.)
A very handsome shrub or low tree, with fragrant white flowers. Leaves 6-8
inches long, 4-5 inches broad, penninerved, paler on the underside. Flowers as in O. Natalensis, from which it is distinguished by the much broader, subcordate leaves.
III. STYLOCORYNE, Cavan. (Richd.)
Calyxz-tube ovate-globose ; limb short, tubular, 5-toothed. Corolla salver-shaped, with a cylindrical tube, and a 5-parted limb. Stamens 5, inserted in the mouth of the tube of the corolla; anthers linear, very long. Style exserted ; stigma clavate, undivided, or the lobes are closely consolidated. Berry globose, crowned by the calyx, dry, 2-celled ; placentas spongy, adnate to the dissepiment. Seeds numerous, angular, rugulose. Albwmen rather cartilaginous. Embryo long. Stylocoryne et Cupia, DC. prod. 4, p. 377, 393. Ceriscus Nees ab Esenb.
Trees or unarmed shrubs. Leaves opposite, oval or oblong, petiolate. Stipules
broad at the base, acuminated atthe apex, 1-nervedinthe middle. Peduncles axillary, corymbose. Name from orvdos, astyle, and xopuyn, a club, in reference to the cla-
vate stigma,
1. S. cuspidata (E. Mey.) ; shrubby, unarmed, glabrous ; branches subangular; leaves petiolate, oval-oblong, narrowed to both ends, mem- branous ; corymbs axillary on longish peduncles, trichotomous ; pedicels and calyx adpressed-puberulous, at length glabrous, bracteated; berry globose, 6-8 seeded, shorter than the pedicels.
Has. Port Natal, Drege, Gerr. ¢ M‘K. 136, April. (Herb. D., Sd.
_ Alarge shrub. Stipules with a 3-lines oe pala ie 6-8 et long, 2-3
inches broad, penninerved and strongly veined, green on both sides, tapering at the
base, cuspidate, acuminate at the apex. Petiole 4-1 inch. Peduncles several inches
long. Corymb with spreading branches and pedicels. Flowers not developed in Berry about the size of a pea, black, shini
bee eas in 8. W Rich, ) ng, the inner structure IV. GARDENIA, Ellis.
Calyx tube ovate, often ribbed ; limb tubular, truncate toothed, cleft or parted. Corolla tubulose or subeampanulate, hypocrateriform ; limb
Gardenia. } RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 5
twisted in estivation, but afterwards spreading, 5-9 parted. Anthers 5-9, linear, nearly sessile in the naked throat of the corolla, or exser- ted. Style long; stigma clavate, bifid, or bidentate. Ovary 1-celled, half divided by 2—5 incomplete dissepiments. Berry fleshy, crowned by the calyx, imperfectly 2-5 celled. Seeds minute, immersed in fleshy parietal placente. DC. 1. ¢. 4, p. 379. Hndl. Gen. n. 3305.
Trees or shrubs unarmed or spinescent, Leaves opposite or rarely in whorls, ovate or oval, Flowers generally white, solitary, axillary, or terminal, sweet scented. Named after Alexander Garden, M.D. of Charlestown, South Carolina, one of the correspondents of Ellis and Linnzeus.
1, Eu-Gardenia. Calyzx-tube ribbed. Corolla tube cylindrical (1) florida.
2. Kumbaga. Calyx-tube not ribbed : limb equally toothed or
lobed, rarely truncate. (or. tube cylindr. or campanulate.
Corolla-tube bell-shaped, villous (2) globosa. Corolla salver-shaped : EDAYOR ODOVRLO; 60 sc rk ck ess eee aa ee (ete Leaves elliptical-lanceolate : Cor.-tube 2ce as long ascalyx ... ... ... ... «+. (3) citriodora, Cor,-tube 4-times as long as calyx... ... ... ... (4) Gerrardiana, 3. Piringa. Calyx-tube not ribbed ; limb tubular, leafy, cleft down one side. Cor. salver-shaped (6) Thunbergia.
4. Rothmannia. Calyz-tube ribbed or angular. Corolla dila- ed upwards, or nearly funnel-shaped ... ... ... ... «- (7) Rothmannia. 1. G. florida (Linn. spec. 305); shrubby, unarmed, erect ; leaves ellip- tical, acute at both ends ; flowers solitary, almost terminal, sessile ; calycine segments vertical, lanceolate-subulate, equalling the tube of the corolla in length; berry elongated, turbinate, ribbed. Bot. Reg. t. 449. G. jasminoides, Sal. Phil. Trans. 52, t. 20. Jasm. Capense, Mill. t. 180. Has. Cultivated, native of China, Nov. Dec. (Herb. Th., Sd.) Shrub 2-6 feet. Flowers large, white, 5-9-parted, often double. Berry 5-6 angled, 5-6 celled at the base, 1-celled at the apex, orange coloured, size of a pigeon’s egg; the pulp is used for dyeing yellow.
2. G. globosa (Hochst Flora, vol. 25, p. 237); leaves shortly petio- late, lanceolate, quite glabrous ; stipules acute, short ; flowers terminal or subaggregated, subsessile; limb of calyx shortly 5-toothed; tube of corolla campanulate, villous on both surfaces, lobes broadly ovate, acute, spreading; ovary oblong, fruit globose. B. M.t. 4791. Harv. Thes. t. 5.
Has. Sea coast, Natal, to 1200 ft. Krauss, 467; Gueinzius, 130, 546. Gerr. § M‘K. 714. J. Sanderson, joo. (Herb. D. Sd.), Aug. Oct.
A low tree or shrub, unarmed, glabrous, except in the leaf buds, young leaves, and inflorescence. Leaves 2—4 inches long, about 1 inch broad, acute at each end, or bluntish, glossy, penninerved, nerves reddish. Flowers on veryshort pedicels. Calyx tube 2 lines long, minutely pubescent, limb campanulate with rigid teeth. Corolla white, striated with pink lines (Gerrard), the tube 1 inch long, 4 inch broad, lobes 4lines long. Fruit as large as a walnut.
3. G. citriodora (Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4987) ; leaves petiolate, ellipti- cal-lanceolate, subacuminate, glabrous ; stipules from a broad base subu- late-acuminate ; corymbs axillary, shorter than the leaves; lobes of calyx lanceolate, acuminate ; corolla salver-shaped ; tube twice longer than the calyx, glabrous ; lobes obovate, obtuse ; fruit oval. Mitriostigma
axillare, Hochst! 1. ¢.
6 RUBIACEE (Sond.) (Gardenia.
Has. Near D’Urban, Natal, Krauss; Gueinzius ; Gerrard, 716. (Herb. D.)
A glabrous unarmed shrub several feet high, with green spreading branches. Leaves 2-4 inches long, ?-14 inch broad, acute or bluntish, penninerved. Stipules broad at the base, 3 lines long. Flowers white. Calyx with subulate bracts at the base, turbinate, limb campanulate, lobes ciliate. Tube of corolla } inch, lobes 4~5 lines long. Style exserted, stigma mitreform. Fruit as large as a small cherry.
4, G. Gerrardiana (Sond. & Harv.) ; leaves shortly petiolate, elliptical- lanceolate, acute or subobtuse, glabrous ; stipules short, acute ; flowers terminal, solitary; tube of calyx campanulate, with short, acute, ciliate teeth; corolla salver-shaped, tube cylindrical, nearly 4 times longer than the calyx, lobes obovate, obtuse.
Has. Near D’Urban, Port Natal, Gerr. § M‘K. 713. (Herb. D., Sd.)
Ultimate branches greyish, very short. Leaves coriaceous, glossy, scarcely paler on the lower surface, and obsoletely penninerved, about 2 inches long, 9 lines broad. Calyx turbinate, minutely bracteolate at the base, 5 lines long, the broad acute teeth 1line long. Cor.-tube 1} inch long, lobes 10 lines long, 4-5 lines broad, minutely downy on both surfaces. Anthers and stigma subexserted.
5. G. Neuberia (E. Z.! 2289); glabrous, spinescent ; branches and spines opposite, divergent ; leaves opposite or pseudo-fasciculate, sub- sessile, obovate, acute, or bluntish, shining above ; stipules very short, acute; flowers terminal, solitary, sessile ; tube of calyx campanulate, with short, acute, ciliate teeth; corolla salver-shaped, tube clavate, twice longer than the calyx, lobes obovate, obtuse; fruit oval. Hyper- anthus floridus, E. Mey.
Has. Woods of the Zuureberge mts. near Enon, and on Grasrugg Uit. F. ¢ Z. Drege. Howisonspoort, Zeyh. 2703. Fl. Nov. Fr. Mart. (Herb. Sd.)
Branches greyish-white, terete, the ultimate very short. Spines from 4-1 inch. Leaves numerous on the short branches, tapering into the very short petiole, 1-2 inches long, }~1 inch broad, a little paler and scarcely penninerved beneath. Calyx with 2 very small basal bracts, § lines long, turbinate at base, teeth 1 line long. Flowers uncial, the lobes a little shorter than the tube, minutely downy on both surfaces. Anthers and stigma subexserted. Fruit as large as a cherry, crowned by the cylindrical, 5-toothed calyx. Near G. amena. Sims. Bot. Mag. t. 1904.
6. G. Thunbergia (L. fil. suppl. 162); unarmed, much divided ; leaves elliptic, tapering at both ends, petiolate, veined, glabrous ; flowers terminal, solitary, sessile; calyx tubular, foliaceous, cleft at one side, with leaf-like appendages ; corolla tubular, salver shaped, lobes 8, obtuse ; fruit ovate. Thunb. diss. Gardenia, n. 3. Bot. Mag. t. 1004. Thunbergia Capensis, Montin. act. Holm. 1773, t. 11.
Has. Forests of the Krakakamma and Oliphant’s Hoek, Uitenhage. JZ. Z. 2287. Zeyh. 2704. Natal, Gerr. § M‘K. 717. Jan-Feb. (Herb. D., Sond.)
Height of trunk, from 8-10 feet ; diameter from 10-12 inches. Bark smooth, greyish white. Wood hard. Leaves 4-6 inches long ; on the flowering branches smaller, and often as broad as long. Flowers large, white, fragrant. Tube of calyx 1 inch, of the corolla 2}-3 inches long ; lobes of corolla 1 inch or more long. An- thers and stigma exserted. Fruit 2-24 inches long, smooth, white, very hard, almost woody, imperfectly 5-celled, many seeded,
7. G. Rothmannia (L. fil. suppl. p. 165); unarmed ; branches angu- lar, rough; leaves on very short petioles, oblong, acute, glabrous ; flowers terminal, solitary, sessile ; calyx cylindrical, ribbed, hairy with- in, 5-cleft, its segments filiform, acute ; corolla with an obconical tube,
~
Randia.]} : RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 7
a campanulate throat, and spreading acute segments; fruit ovate, fleshy, costate, 2-valved, 2-celled, many seeded. Thunb. diss. Gd.n. 6. Bot. M. t.690. H. Z,2288. Rothmannia Capensis, Th, act. Holm.t776, p.65,f. 2.
Has. Woods, Swellendam, George, Uitenhage ; Natal. Jan.—Feb. (Hb. D., Sd.)
Tree ; stem 15~30 feet high. Wood very hard. Leaves 3-4 inches long, 1-1} inch broad, coriaceous, veiny. Flowers white, spotted with red, sweet scented, calyx 1 inch and more, the corolla 3 inches long. Fruit nearly 14 inch in diameter.
V. RANDIA, Linn.
Calyx-tube obovate, limb 5-lobed. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a short tube; limb 5-parted, twisted in estivation. Anthers sessile within the tube of the corolla, included. Stigmas 2, thick. Berry nearly dry, crowned by the calyx, corticate, 2-celled. Seeds many in each cell, fixed to a central placenta, wingless, imbedded in the pulp, or imbrica- ted downwards. Albumen cartilaginous. Hmbryo straight, with a terete radicle, and orbicular flat cotyledons. DOC. 1. c. 4, p. 384. Endl. Gen. N. 3304,
Much branched small trees or shrubs, with axillary opposite or subverticillate thorns. Leaves sessile or subsessile. Flowers almost sessile ; usually solitary, rising from the axils of the leaves. Named after Isaac Rand, once a demonstrator of botany at the Chelsea botanic garden.
Peduncles 1-flowered, shorter than calyx ; anth. linear, acute ... (1) rudis.
Pedune. 2-3 fi, longer than calyx; anth. oblong ... ... ...... (2) Kraussii.
1. RB. rudis (E. Meyer); unarmed, young branches minutely downy ; leaves fasciculate, obovate, suborbicular or elliptic, obtuse or subacute, cuneate at the base, glabrous or minutely downy beneath, on very short petioles ; peduncles axillary, one-flowered, shorter than the calyx ; tube of calyx obconical, lobes obovate, obtuse ; corolla funnel-shaped, limb erect, spreading with oblong flat lobes; anthers linear, acute ; fruit sub-globose, 10-ribbed. Harv. Thes. t. 34. Heinsia Capensis, Buek in herb. Ecklon. Gardenia microcarpa, Hochst. in pl. Krauss.
Var. a. Calyx glabrous.
Var, y. Calyx setulose or scabrous. R. parvifolia, Harv. Thes. t. 35.
Has. Mts. near Enon, near Grahamstown, Karregarivier, and between Hoff- mann’s KI. and Driefontein, Drege, Zeyh. 2710, H. Hutton, E.G Z. Var. 8. Natal, Krauss, 314,347. Gueinzius, 117, 555. J. Sanderson, 266, 199. Sept. (Herb. D., Sd.)
A rigid shrub, with erect, spreading, greyish branches. Stipules on the young twigs broadly ovate. Leaves 3-1 inch long, when young often minutely downy. Peduncles very short. Calyx 2 lines long, tube about as long as the spathulate, obtuse, or mucronulate lobes. Corolla $ inch long. Fruit the size of a pea, black.
I cannot regard Var. y. as a distinct species, the leaves being often larger than in Var. a. In many specimens collected by Ecklon and Zeyher, the calyx lobes are
evidently mucronulate and not quite glabrous.
2. R. Kraussii, (Harv. Thes. t. 33.); unarmed or rarely spinous ; young branches minutely downy ; leaves obovate or elliptic-obtuse, cuneate at the base, glabrous, netted beneath, on very short petioles ; peduneles axillary, 2-3 flowered, pedicels longer than the calyx ; tube of calyx ovate, glabrous, lobes obovate, obtuse ; corolla minutely downy, tube very short, lobes broadly obovate, obtuse, undulate ; anthers oblong ; fruit globose. Randia Lachnosiphonium, Hochst, Flora, 1842, 237- Lachnosiphonium obovatum, Hochst. ! l. c. p. 238.
8 RUBIACEE (Sond.) [ Hedyotis.
Has. Natal, Krauss. 129. Sanderson, 200. Gueinzius, 120; Gerr. § M‘K. 864. (Herb. Sd., D.)
A shrub 8-12 feet high. Axillary spines }-1 inch long. Leaves 1}-2 inches long, 1 inch or more in width, tapering into a short petiole, glabrous or nearly so. Stipules short, acute, very broad at the base. Pedicels 6-8 lines long. Tube of calyx 3 lines, the veined limb 2 lines long. Corolla white, tube shorter than the calyx, with a hairy ring in the throat, segments patent, 6-8 lines in diameter. Stigma bifid. Fruit when dry very hard, the size of a small walnut, crowned by the limb of the calyx.
TRIBE Il.—HEDYOTIDEE (Gen. VI.)
VI. HEDYOTIS, Lam,
Calyz-tube ovate or subglobose, limb 4-, rarely 5-toothed. Corolla tubular, limb 4-, rarely 5-lobed, throat villous or glabrous. Stamens ex- serted a little, or sessile within the tube. Stigma simple or bifid. Cap- sule subglobose, membranous, crowned with the distant calycine lobes, 2-celled, dehiscing at the summit. Seeds very numerous, minute, affixed to a subglobose placenta. Wgyht. et Arn. Prodr. Fl. penins. Ind, or. 1, 407.
Small herbaceous plants with opposite leaves, setulose stipules, and axillary or ter-
minal, 1-2 or many-flowered, corymbose or somewhat spiked, often long peduncles.
Name from f5us, sweet, ovs, an ear ; the leaves are oval, soft, and firm, and have been compared to ears. .
Leaves suborbicular or spathulate ... ... ... ... ... ... (18) tenella, Leaves small (ovate, lanceolate, linear.) : a, Corolla with short tube and 4-cleft limb :
Flowers densely corymbose ... ... ... ... «.. (4) chlorophylla, Flowers capitate ... 0... 0... iprteae (2) cephalotes, Fl. cymose; perennial ; stem and lvs. pubescent ;
in fl. glabrous Sk Wee” ae (3) Gerrardi,
Pedicels axillary, 1-2 flowered. Annual, pedicels 3 times longer than the calyx (5) scabrida. Annual, pedicels as long or shorter than the
calyx, leaves six lineslong ... ... .... (4) Capensis, Suffruticose, pedicels geminate ; lvs, 14 inch long (6) geminifiora, b, Corolla with a long terete tube and 4-lobed limb :
1, Flowers terminal, umbellate ... ... .... .... (12) Amatymbica. 2, Flowers terminal, tufted or densely panicled :
Fruit papillose-scabrous .. Sarees ee
pepe vey salle ag. SO Seen a es ee 3, Flowers axillary, or loosely panicled, fruit smooth.
(11) thymifolia, (16) Natalensis.
Annual, scabrous; leaves linear-lanceolate ... (9) brachyloba. Annual, glabrous, or nearly so : _ Lys. lance-linear, flat... .. ¢. (8) Heynei.
Lys. narrow-linear, with revolute margins (10) stricta. Lys. ovate-subcordate, flat ... ... ... (14) rupicola, Perennial ; leaves glabrous, lanceolate (1 inch) (13) decumbens,
Perennial ; lvs. hairy-scabrous, ovate ... ... (15) Suffruticose ; leaves with a recurved mucro.,. (7) setifera. ¢, Corolla '§-lohed |. cis vi an a ae ee POR
a, Oldenlandia; corolla with a short tube and a 4-cleft limb. (Sp. 1-6.)
' 1, HL. chlorophylla (Hochst. in Flora, 1844); suffruticose, erect, stem terete or subangular, smooth or a little scabrous; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5-nerved, yellowish-green, subscabrous ; stipules on both sides of 5 or 7 bristles ; flowers aggregated in a terminal dense co- rymb,; calyx 4-fid, lobes subulate, recurved at the apex; corolla equal- ling the calyx, throat hairy,
Pail
Hedyotis. | RUBIACE (Sond.) :
Has. Between Natalbai and Umlaas River, and on the Table Mts. Nov.—Dec Krauss, 39, 53. J. Sanderson, 399. Gueinzius, 125. G.G MK. 1579, pte. (Hb.S8d.,D.
Stem 1 foot or higher, simple or a few branched. Leaves sessile, 14-2 inches long 6-9 lines broad, the upper more distant and smaller. Corymb many flowered, 1 0 2 inches in diameter. Pedicels with subulate bracts, as long as or shorter than th: calyx. Tube of the calyx 1 line long, equalling the lobes, Fruit unknown.
2. H. cephalotes (Hochst.! 1. ¢.); herbaceous, ascending, quite gla- brous and smooth ; stem nearly terete, branched ; leaves small, ovato- lanceolate, 3-nerved, with revolute margins; stipules bifid, ciliate ; Jlowers terminal, capitate ; calyx 4-fid, lobes mucronate, as long as the hispid tubes; corolla equalling the calyx; capsule subglobose, pilose.
Has. D’Urban, Natal, Krauss, 111 ; J. Sanderson, 321 ; Gerr. ¢ M‘K, 588, 589.
Nov. Dec. (Herb. D., Sd.) Habit of Epilobium. Root creeping. Stem 1-2 feet. Leaves acute at both ends,
8-10 lines long, 2-3 lines broad. Capitulum as large as a small hazel nut, Calyx 1 line long ; tube as long as the teeth.
3. H. Gerrardi (Sond.); perennial; stems erect, as well as the leaves scabrous, with short spreading hairs ; leaves linear, mucronate, with revolute margins; stipules of many bristles; flowers disposed in a cymose panicle ; peduncle, pedicels, and flowers glabrous ; calyx-lobes ovato-lanceolate, equalling the tube of the shortly tubulose corolla ; style as long as the corolla; anthers linear-oblong.
Has. Zulu, Natal, W. T. Gerrard, April; Gerr, & M‘K. 1366. (Herb. D., Sd.)
Stem very leafy, from minute branchlets in the axils of the leaves, 3-4 inches high. Leaves 8-10 lines long, 1 line broad. The upper or flower-bearing part of about the same length as the leafy stem, but not hairy. Panicle erect. Pedicels unequal, 1-4 lines long. Calyx 1 line long; tube subglobose, a little shorter than the acuminate lobes. Corolla 4-fid; lobes short, acute. Stamens inserted in the middle of the tube. Style glabrous. Fruit unknown.
4. H. Capensis (Lam. ill. n. 1425); annual; stem angular, much branched, decumbent, scabrous, hairy, or villous ; leaves linear, acute, with revolute margins ; stipules on both sides, with 2 or 3 sete; pedi- cels axillary, numerous, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves, and as long or shorter than the calyx; calyx 4-, rarely 5-fid, lobes subulate, ciliated, nearly as long as the tube ; corolla a little longer than the calyx; throat villous ; fruit glabrous. Oldenlandia Capensis, Thunb. ! fl. cap. p. 147.
Has. Sandy places near Koopmansrivier, Thumb. ; on the Witrivier, near Enon, Drege, 7659 ; Campground, Sir C. Bunbury; Paarl. Dee.-Feb. (Herb. Th., D., Sd.)
Branches 4-6 inches long, diffuse. Leaves about 6 lines long, hairy, sometimes subglabrous. Pedicels shorter or as long as the calyx. Corolla white. Stigma cla- vate. (Thunb.) Capsule 1 line long, subglobose.
5. H. scabrida (Sond.); annual; stem quadrangular, branched, sub- erect, scabrous on the angles ; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, subglabrous ; stipules on both sides with 3 or 4 sete ; pedicels axillary, solitary or subaggregated, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves, but 3 times longer than the calyx ; calyx 4-fid, lobes subulate, subciliated, nearly as long as the tube ; corolla a little longer than the calyx, throat hairy ; fruit glabrous, Oldenlandia scabrida, DC. prodr. 4, p. 425. Kohautua Dregeana, Presl. in herb. Drege ? (imperfect specimen. )
10 RUBIACEZ (Sond.) [Hedyotis
Has. Port Natal, Gueinzius,123. (Herb. Sond.)
Very nearly allied to the preceding, but easily distinguished by the lax habit, longer branches, glabrous, somewhat longer and broader leaves (8-10 lines long, 14-2 lines broad), and the pedicels. The flower and fruit are not different. Stigma bitid.
6. H. geminiflora (Sond. in Linn. xxiii. p. 51); suffruticose, stem and branches angular, scabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, some- what scabrous, with revolute margins ; stipules membranous, with 4-6 sete ; pedicels axillary, in pairs, 1-flowered, in fruit deflexed, about as long as the calyx ; lobes of the calyx subulate, a little longer than the tube, scabrous ; corolla equalling the calyx ; fruit glabrous.
Has. Grassy places on the Magalisberg, Nov. Zeyh. 756. (Herb. Sd., D.)
A foot and more high, much branched. Leaves 14 inch long, 14-2 lines wide.
Pedicles scabrous, 2 lines long. Calyx 4-fid. Lobes of the corolla nearly as long as the tube. Capsule subglobose.
b. Kohautia. Corolla with a long terete tube, and a 4-lobed limb. (Sp. 7-16.)
7. H. setifera (Sond.) ; suffruticose, erect, terete, branched ; branches subcompressed or rib-furrowed, puberous, or a little scabrous; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, with revolute margins, cuspidately mucro- nate, mucro recurved, glabrous ; stipules cleft into 6 spreading bristles on both sides, which are longer than the membrane; corymbs few- flowered, laxly panicled; pedicels erect, in fruit 2-4 times longer than the calyx; lobes of the calyx a little longer than the tube, smooth ; tube of the corolla elongate, terete, with short, oval lobes ; fruit glabrous. Oldenlandia Caffra, E.Z.! 2291. Kohautia setifera, DC. l.c. 4.p. 430.
Var. 8. pubescens, leaves and the lower part of the stem pubescent.
Hap. Stony places near the Zwartkopsrivier, L. § Z.; Zeyh. 2705; Natal, J. San-
derson, 400, 138, 270, T. Williamson, var. 8. near D’Urban. Gerr. & M‘K. 582. Oct. (Herb. D., Sd.)
Stem 4-1 foot high, with erect-spreading branches. Leaves 4-1 inch long, 1-2 lines broad, Pedicels rarely solitary, mostly geminate, or 3-4 aggregated in the up- per part of the branches, unequal, glabrous. Calyx 1 line long, with subulate teeth. Corolla nearly 3 lines long. Capsule globose, smooth.
8. H. Heynei (R. Br. in Wall. cat. 867); annual or biennial, quite glabrous ; stem erect, branched; leaves lance-linear, acute; stipules of 2 or 3 very short bristles; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, capillary, about
_as long as the leaves ; corolla funnel-shaped; tube 3-4 times longer than the calycine lobes; styles subexserted, a little longer than the anthers ; capsule subglobose. Wght. ¢ Arn. Prod. p. 416.
Has. Zulu, Natal, Gerr. § M‘K. 1365. (Herb. D., Sd.)
About 1 foot high; branches erect, spreading. Leaves 6-8 lines long, } line broad. Stipules cupular, with minute bristles. Pedicels spreading. Flowers white, 2 lines long. Limb of corolla 3 times shorter than the tube. Anthers oblong, sessile in the throat. Capsule 1 line long. The leaves are somewhat narrower than in
East Indian specimens collected by Dr. Hooker and Thompson, but there are no other differences.
9, H. brachyloba (Sond. in Linn. vol xxiii. p. 50) ; annual, scab- vous, branches subcompressed ; leaves dinear-lanceolate, with subrevo- lute margins; stipules cleft into 3~4 bristles on both sides, which are shorter than the membrane; panicle lax, dichotomous ; flowers sessile
Hedyotis. | RUBIACE& (Sond.) 11
and pedicellate ; teeth of the calyx twice shorter than the tube ; corolla with very long tube and linear-oblong lobes ; fruit smooth.
Has. Komseep, near Springbokkeel. Feb, Zeyh. 761. (Herb. Sd.,D.)
A span high, beset with minute tubercles. Root longish, simple. Leaves 1 inch long, 2 lines broad, 1-nerved. Panicle subcorymbose, 3-4 inches long. Flowers geminate, one sessile or nearly so, the other on a 2-4 lines long pedicel. Bracteoles minute, Corolla 5-6 lines long ; the lobes 1 line long, } line broad. Capsule glo- bose, crowned by the minute calyx-teeth, 1 line long.
10. H. stricta (Smith, Rees’s Cyclop. vol. 17, no. 21); annual, smooth or a little tubercled; branches erect, subcompressed ; leaves narrow- linear, with revolute margins; stipules joined to the petioles by a very narrow margin, furnished each with 2 short bristles; flowers trichoto- mously corymbose; pedicels unequal; teeth of the calyx shorter than the tube; corolla with very long tube and oblong lobes, fruit smooth. Kohautia stricta, DC. 1. ¢. p. 430. K. thymifolia, LE. Mey. in Hb. Drege. b. non a.
Has. Winterveld and Nieuweveld, Drege. ; Taba Uncha, Gamkariver, Springbok- keel, Zeyh. 759, 760. Namaqualand, 4. Wyley, DecJan. (Herb. D., Sd.)
ery nearly allied to H. brachyloba, but differs in the more straight habit, narrower leaves (1 inch long, 4 line broad), which are quite smooth and glabrous, somewhat larger flowers and fruit. The cyme or corymbose panicle is about 1 inch long. Calyx 1 line, the tube of corolla 6 lines, the lobes 2 lines long. Capsule 1 lines long.
11. H. thymifolia (Presl.! Bot. Bemerk. p. 85) ; suffruticose, scabrous; branches erect, quadrangular; leaves linear, acute, with revolute mar- gins; bristles of stipules 2, setaceous; panicle 2-3-chotomous, many- flowered ; flowers sessile and pedicellate; teeth of the calyx as long as the tube; corolla with a very long tube and oblong lobes; fruit subglo- bose, papillate-scabrous. H. thymifolia, B. Mey. in Herb. Dr. a, c. non, 6.
Has. On the Zwartkops. and the Garip, Drege; Vaalriver and Taba Uncha, Zeyh. 757; Namaqualand, A. Wyley, Rev. H. Whitehead. Sept.—Dec. (Herb, Sd., D.)
1~14 foot high; stem, branches, leaves, pedicels, and calyx scabrous from minute, acute tubercles. Leaves 1-14 inch long, 1 line broad. Bristles of the stipules as long or longer than the membrane. Pedicels 3-4 times longer than the fruit. Corolla 7-8 lines long. Capsule the size of a small pea, crowned by the subulate calyx-lobes.
12, H. Amatymbica (Hochst. in pl. Krauss.); perennial, glabrous, glaucescent ; stem erect, much compressed, simple or branched ; leaves narrow linear, cuspidate, canaliculate above ; bristles of stipules 3, setaceous; flowers terminal, wmbellate ; teeth of the calyx as long as the tube ; corolla with a very long tube and oblong lobes; fruit subglobose, smooth. Kohautia Amatymbica, LE. & Z.!2292. K.7657. Hb. Drege.
Has. Katriviers and Winterberg, Keyrivier, Caffraria ; Zwartehoogdens, Albany, E. & Z. Zeyh. 758, Col. Bolton, Zuurebergen, Drege; Port Natal, Gueinzius, 35. J. Sanderson, 245. Magalisberg, Burke § Zeyh. Apl. Jul. Oct. (Herb. Sd., D.)
Root ndicular. Stem 1-14 foot. Leaves 14-3 inches long, 1 line broad. Umbel 6-10-flowered. Calyx about 2 lines long, the teeth subulate. Tube of the corolla 1 inch, lobes 3-4 lines long. Capsule as large as a pea, didymous, crowned with the 4, rarely 5, rather shorter calyx-teeth.
13. H. decumbens (Hochst.! 1. c. p. 67); perennial, glabrous; stem decumbent, hexagonal ; branches erect, dichotomous ; leaves lanceolate,
12 RUBIACEZ (Sond.) [ Zedyotis.
acute at the base, scabrous, hairy above; stipules joining the petioles, truncate, ciliate ; peduncles solitary, axillary and terminal, 1-flowered, often trifid, pedicels 4—5 times, tube of the corolla 3 times longer than the calyx, expanded at the throat; lobes acute; fruit globose, smooth. Kohautia longiflora, E. Mey. non DC.
Has. Natal, Drege, Krauss, 305. Gueinzius, 470. R. W. Plant, 64. Gerr.g M‘K, 583. Jul. (Herb. D., Sd.)
Branches 4—1 foot or longer. Leaves about 1 inch long, 3-4 lines broad, adpressed- hairy, sometimes glabrous above, ciliated at the base; upper ones smaller, bract like. Peduncles longer than the leaves, 3-1 inch long, the pedicels spreading, about twice shorter. Corolla 2 lines long, glabrous in the throat, the 4 lobes acute, anthers sub- exserted. Capsule crowned with the short calyx-teeth.
14, H. rupicola (Sond.); annual, glabrous; stems ascending ; leaves shortly petiolate, ovate, subcordate, acute, a little scabrous above ; stipules of many bristles ; cymes corymbose, terminal, few-flowered ; pedicels short ; calyx scabrous ; lobes ovate, acute, 4 times shorter than the corolla; style subexserted.
Has. Rocky places, Tagoma, Natal, Gerr. § M‘K. 1364. Feb. (Herb. D.)
A small herb, about a span high, with the habit of 1. (Lucya ) tuberosa, Linn, Leaves 5-6 lines long, 4 lines broad, more or less cordate at base ; the margins revolute. Cymes 9-12-fl. Corolla white, 4 lines long; the lobes oblong; the throat
hairy. Anthers inclosed. Style bifid at the apex. Capsule nearly 14 line long, crowned by the calyx-lobes. Seeds black, punctate.
15. H. hirtula (Harv.); perennial? decumbent or prostrate, closely much-branched ; leaves ovate, acute, cuneate at base, petiolate, flat, roughly hispid with short, swollen hairs; stipules with 2-4 sete; pedicels axillary, very short; calyx-lobes ovate, hispid, equalling the tube ; corolla-tube 2-3 times as long as the calyx, lobes oblong, hispid on both sides ; fruit hispid. :
Has. On trees, Krauss Kloof, J. Sanderson, 605. (Herb. D.)
A small plant, 3-4 inches long, with the aspect of 7. ternervia, but rough with white, swollen, papilleform hairs. Leaves 3-4 lines long, 2-3 wide; petiole 1~1} line long. Pedicels 1-1} line long. Corolla-tube 3-4 lines long. FI. white.
16. H. Natalensis (Hochst. 1. c. p. 67); perennial? stem erect, tetra- gonal, few-branched, pubescent; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, scabrous above, pubescent, at length glabrous beneath ; stipules with 2 short deciduous bristles; flowers terminal, fasciculate; pedicels much shorter, tube of the corolla 3 times longer than the calyx, lobes ovate ; fruit ovato-globose, smooth. Crusea ? acuminata, HE. Mey.
Between Morley and Omtata, and near Port Natal, Drege, Krauss., Cooper, 1083 ; Kreilis Country, Caffraria, H. Bowker. Feb.-Apl. (Herb. D., Sd.)
More than a foot high. Leaves about 14-2 inches long, 5-6 lines broad. Three flowers aggregated at the top of the terminal branchlets. Calyx with glabrous oval tube 1 line long, terminated by the 3 times longer, linear, rigid-ciliate teeth. Corolla a little hairy, swollen at the throat, Stamens subexserted. Capsule the size of a pea. Seeds angular, punctate.
¢. Pentodon; flowers pentamerous. (Sp. 17.)
17, H. pentamera (Hochst.!); quite glabrous, stem decumbent or creeping, tetragonal, dichotomously branched ; leaves ovato-lanceolate,
Vangueria. | RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 13
acute ; stipules with 1 or 2 bifid bristles; flowers axillary, racemose, pedicels geminate, in fruit deflexed, 4-5 times longer than the shortly toothed calyx ; corolla funnel-shaped, hairy inside, lobes acute ; fruit ovato-globose, smooth. Pentodon decumbens, Hochst. l. c. p. 67.
Has. Natal, Drege, 4887; Krauss, 332, J. Sanderson ; Guienzius, 471; Ger. ¢ M‘K. (Herb. D., Sd.)
Stem 1 or 2 feet long. Leaves 14-2 inches long, } inch broad, acute at both ends. Racemes simple, 5—10-flowered, or compound 12-16-flowered, on a peduncle as long or longer than the leaf. Pedicels with a minute bract. Calyx 1 line long, the teeth equalling the tube. Corolla 4 lines long, white ? limb ovate. Capsule truncate, didy- mous, crowned by very short calyx teeth.
Doubtful species.
H. tenella (Hochst. 1. c. p. 68); glabrous, stem delicate, branched ; leaves spathulate, suborbicular; stipules with many bristles; peduncles axillary and terminal, 2-3-flowered ; tube of the corolla nearly twice longer than the 4-cleft calyx, lobes ovate-elliptic, obtuse ; capsule ovate, crowned with the triangular-ovate, recurved, spreading calyx-lobes,
Has. Table Mountains, near Port Natal. Dec. Dr. Krauss.
TRIBE IIJ._GUETTARDACEAE (Gen. VII.)
VII. VANGUERIA, Comm.
Calyz-tube short, obovate or hemispherical ; limb spreading, 5, rarely 4-toothed or parted. Corolla campanulate, 5, rarely 4-cleft, hairy inside, lobes lanceolate, acute, reflexed. Stamens 5, or 4, with very short filaments, and scarcely exserted, oblong acute anthers. Stigma capitate, cylindrical, thick, or truncate at both ends, obtuse or toothed. Drupe pomiform, when ripe not crowned with the calyx lobes, but marked by a sinuated areola atthe summit, containing 5, or by abortion 4-2 bony, 1-seeded nuts, which are obtuse at the base and acute at the apex. Seed aftixed to the middle of the inner angle of the cell, oblong. Albu- men fleshy. Embryo large, inverted. DC. 1. c¢. 4, p. 454. Endl. gen. n. 3191. Pachystigma, Hochst. Regenst. bot. Zeit, 1842, p.234. Lagynias, E. Mey. in herb. Drege. :
Shrubs or small trees with ovate or oblong leaves, acute or lanceolate stipules, and cymose or somewhat panicled white or reddish flowers. Name Voa Vanguer, the Madagascar name of V. edulis. Calyx 5-toothed, teeth about as long as the tube.
Leaves reticulated-veined ; stigma obtuse ... ... ... ... (1) infausta, Leaves not retic.-veined ; stigma 4-5-toothed ... ... ... (2) parviflora. Calyx 4-5-lobed, lobes 2-4 times longer than the tube. T pave todenime = coe. “eee es as one. ee ves | sew. (3) SRROPOORLE, Leaves glabrous. Corolla glabrous.
Leaves obovate or obovate-lanceolate ; cymesfew-flowered (4) venosa. Leaves suborbicular or broad ovate; peduncle 3-flowered (6) latifolia. Leaves oblong-lanceolate-acuminate ; flowers cymose ... (7) Zeyheri. COMMMNN IONINE RATES: 256s. oie se tes sk steve ee (5) lnsiantha, 1, V. infausta (Burch. Trav. IT. p. 258 et 259, ¢. icon.) ; leaves shortly
petiolate, ovate or suborbicular, acute or subacuminate, tomentose, netted- veined ; cymes axillary, panicled ; calyx-teeth tomentose, bluntish, 4
14 RUBIACEZ (Sond.) [Vangueria.
times shorter than the corolla; stigma obtuse. Sond. Linn. vol. 23, p. 57. V. tomentosa, Hochst! Regenst. bot. Zeitg. 1842, p. 238.
Var. §. virescens, leaves green, glabrous or nearly so.
Has. Forests in Caffraria, H. Bowker ; Natal, Krauss, 219. J. Sanderson, 306. T. Williamson, Drege, Gueinzius, 56. Vaalriver and Magalisberg, Zeyher, 764. Nov. (Herb. D., Sd.)
A tree about 10 feet high, unarmed, with terete and subcompressed, opposite branches. Leaves quite entire, densely clothed with a yellowish tomentum, penni- nerved, 4-5 inches long, 3-4 inches broad. Stipuleslarge, cuspidate. Cymes shorter than the leaves, tomentose. Calyx subsessile ; the teeth acute or bluntish, shorter than the tube. Corolla tomentose, 3 lines long, the lobes glabrous above. Ovary 5-celled, style filiform, equalling the stamens; stigma obtuse. Fruit round, glabrous, an inch in diameter, edible. The variety is nearly allied to V. edulis, Vahl. This is the ‘‘ Wild Medlar” of the colonists.
2. V. parvifolia (Sond. 1. c. p. 58) ; young branches reddish, as well as the leaves and flowers velvetty-tomentose ; leaves subsessile, orbicu- lar, subacute, penninerved, not netted-veined ; cymes axillary, sessile; calyx-teeth acute, 4-times shorter than the corolla; ovary 5-celled, stigma 4—5-toothed.
Has. Magalisberg, Nov. Dec. Burke § Zeyher, 765. (Herb. D., Sd.)
Shrub with spreading terete branches. Leaves 12-14 lines long, 12 lines broad, coriaceous. Cymes shorter than the leaves. Tube of calyx as long as the limb. Corolla 24 lines long ; the lobes glabrous above. Style equalling the stamens; stigma thick, cylindrical, a little larger at the minutely toothed apex. Fruit (half ripe) as large as a small cherry, crowned by the rudiments of calyx teeth.
3. V. macrocalyx (Sond. 1 c. p. 59); young branches, leaves, and flowers tomentose ; leaves shortly petiolate, ovate, acute, at length sub- glabrous ; cymes axillary, subsessile, few-flowered, shorter than the leaves; calyx teeth linear-oblong, obtuse, as long as the corolla; throat of the corolla naked or nearly so; ovary 5-celled ; stigma obtuse.
Has. On the Zwartkopsrivier and Winterhoeksberge, Uit., Z. ¢ Z., Ebenac, 17; Kreili’s country, H. Bowker ; Port Natal, Gerr. § M‘K. 1344. Nov. (Herb. D., Sd.)
A shrub, 6-8 feet high. Leaves 13-2 inches long ; quite entire or subdenticu- late ; the petiole 1-2 lines long. Peduncles bracteolate. Calyx tube 1 line long, the lobes 3 lines long, 1 line broad. Corolla 2} lines long, the tube nearly glabrous outwards, but silky near the base within, the throat quite glabrous, or with a few hairs; lobes glabrous above, acute. Ovary 5-celled. Stigma asin V. infausta. The ripe fruit as large as a common plum, 3-4 seeded, delicious eating. (W.7.Gerrard).
4. V, venosa (Sond.); leaves shortly petiolate, obovate or obovate- lanceolate, obtuse, or subacute, pale and much veined beneath, as well as the branches quite glabrous; cymes shortly pedunculate, few flowered ; calyx lobes linear, obtuse ; corolla glabrous outside. Pachystigma veno- sum, Hochst.l.c. Lagynvas discolor, H. Meyer.
Has. Port Natal, Krauss, 131. Gueinzius, 553. (Herb. D., Sd.)
Branches alternate and opposite, terete. Leaves 14-2 inches long, 8-10 lines broad, tapering into the petiole, green above, whitish and netted-veined beneath. Cymes shorter than the leaves ; peduncles and pedicels bracteate, hairy. Calyx lobes 3 lines long. Corolla 3-4 lines long, lobes acuminate. Fruit nearly 1 inch in diameter, globose, glabrous, with 5, or by abortion with 4 one-seeded nuts. Seed oblong, curved, ¢ to a central placenta,
5. V. lasiantha (Sond.); leaves petiolate, oblong or ovate-oblong,
Alberta.] RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 15
subacute, discoloured, green and pellucid-veined above, greyish-white beneath, glabrous, the young ones hairy on the nerves ; cymes shortly pedunculate, branches divaricate, many-flowered ; calyx-lobes linear- spathulate, obtuse ; corolla appressed-hairy. Pachystigma lasianthum, Sond. Linnea, Vol. 23, p. 55.
Has. Natal, Gueinzius, 119, 549. J. Sanderson, 520, 658. Gerr. § M‘K. 851. Dec. (Herb. Sond., D.)
Very nearly allied to V. venosa, but differs by larger, ovate, or oblong leaves on longer petioles, many-flowered divaricate inflorescence, spathulate calyx-lobes and hairy corolla. Leaves 2 inches long, about 1 inch wide; petiole 3-4 lines long. Cymes 12-14 flowered, 1 inch long. Calyx lobes 24 lines long, } line broad. Coro 43 lines long, glabrous in the throat, but with reversed hairs in the tube; lobes lanceolate-acuminate. Ovary 5-celled. Stigma thick, truncate at both ends.
6. V. latifolia (Sond.); leaves shortly petiolate, suborbicular or broad ovate, discoloured, pale and netted-veined beneath, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered, bibracteate, glabrous ; calyx glabrous or subpilose, lobeslanceolate ; corollaglabrousoutside. Pachyst.latifolium, Sd. l.c.p. 56.
Has. Natal, Gueinzius, 115. T. Williamson, (Herb. Sond., D.)
Branches glabrous, terete or subcompressed. Leaves quite entire, 2 inches long, 1} inch wide, the petiole 1 line long. Stipules as in V. venosa and V. lasiantha. Peduncle 6 lines long, at the summit with 3 flowers on very short pedicels. Bracts ovate. Corolla n as in V. venosa. : ,
7. V. Zeyheri (Sond.) ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, attenuate at the base, quite glabrous, green, with prominent nerves and veins on both sides ; cymes axillary, shorter than the leaves, glabrous as well as the flowers; calyx lobes lanceolate; corolla glabrous outside. Pachy- stigma Zeyhert, Sond. l. c.
Has. Stony places in woods, Magalisberg. Nov. Zeyher, 766. (Herb. Sd., D.)
Shrub with opposite, glabrous branches. Stipules broad, cuspidate, about 2 lines long. Leaves quite entire, coriaceous, 4-5 inches long, 12-14 lines broad, tapering into a petiole 3-6 lineslong. Cymes opposite, 2 inches, the primary peduncle 1 inch long; the pedicels bracteolate. Calyx 3 lines long; tube hemispherical, lobes twice longer. Corolla 4 lines long, with a series of silky hairs in the tube ; the throat and lobes glabrous. Ovary 5-celled, by abortion 2~3-celled. Style filiform; stigma truncate at both ends. Drupe (unripe) ellipsoidal, glabrous, crowned with the vestiges of the calyx-lobes. . ;
TRIBE IV.—ALBERTIEE (Gen. VIIL)
VII. ALBERTA, E. Meyer.
Calyx-tube turbinate, 10-ribbed; limb 5-fid, 3 lobes short, acute, 2 oblong, obtuse, in fruit much larger. Corolla elongated, tubular, incur- ved; throat naked; limb 5-fid, with very short, erect, imbricate, acute lobes. Stamens 5, included ; anthers sessile. Ovary 2-celled; ovules solitary. Style filiform, exserted; stigma attenuated, very shortly bifid. Fruit dry, ovate-oblong, 10-ribbed and furrowed, crowned with the 2 opposite, foliaceous, dilated, membranaceous, reticulate-veined, coloured calyx lobes, 2-celled; cells 1-seeded. Seeds oblong, convex at back, flat in front. Albumen fleshy. Endl. gen. n. 3327.
A shrub or small tree with subsessile, oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, glabrous, glossy leaves, cuplike aristate stipules, terminal panicle, with cymose branches and pur- plish, silky pubescent corollas. It is named in honour of Albertus Magnus, of the
16 RUBIACEE (Sond.) [Canthiwm.
house of Bolstadt, a famous philosopher and theologian of the thirteenth century, who wrote a treatise in seven books ‘* De Vegetabilibus et Plantis.”
1, A. magna (E. Mey. in Herb. Dreg.) Harv. Thes. Cap. p. 29, t. 45.
Has. On hills between Omsamcabe and Omsamculo, 1000-2000 feet, Drege ; Port Natal, Gerrard & M‘Ken, No. 1358, Jan.—Feb. (Herb. Sd., D.)
Young branches reddish brown, glabrous. Leaves shortly petiolate, oblong or elliptical-oblong, 4-5 inches long, 13-2 inches broad, flat, with recurved margins, penninerved. Panicle large. Pedicels pubescent, bracteate at the base. Calyx shortly tomentose. Corolla 1 inch long, the segments obliquely ovate, acute. Sta- mens inserted in the middle of the tube. Fruit oval, nearly 3 lines long, its scarlet, winglike, larger, much veined lobes, 10-12 lines long, 2-3 lines broad.
TRIBE V.—COFFEACEZ (Gen. IX.-XIV.)
IX. CANTHIUM, Lam. Calyx-tube ovate, limb short, 4—5 toothed. Corolla with a short tube, a bearded throat, and 4-5 spreading lobes, with valvate estivation. Anthers 4-5 in the throat, scarcely exserted. Style filiform, exserted, Stigma undivided, thick, ovato-globose, or mitre-formed. Berry glo- bose, or didymous, crowned with the calyx teeth, fleshy, 2-celled, Seeds solitary in each cell. Albumen fleshy. DC. J. ¢. 4, p. 473.
Shrubs with spinous or unarmed branches. Leaves opposite, coriaceous. Stipules
solitary. Peduncles axillary, short, many-flowered. Canti is the Malabar name of one of the species.
1, C. Gueinzii (Sond. Linnea, vol. 23, 1, p. 54); unarmed, branch- lets pubescent ; leaves shortly petiolate, oblong, cuspidate-acuminate, sub- cordate, netted-veined, veins pellucid, glabrous, shining above, a little hairy on the nerves beneath ; cymes pedunculate, bifid, many-flowered, 4-times shorter than the leaves; peduncles, pedicels as well as the 5-toothed calyx pubescent ; corolla glabrous outside, lobes revolute, as long as the tube ; style exserted, stigma mitre-formed.
Has. Natal, Gueinzius, 71, 576. Gerr. & M‘K. 709. (Herb. Sd., D.)
Stipules broad, cuspidate-acuminate, hairy. Leaves reddish, 3}-4 inches long, 14-14 inch broad ; the petiole 2 lines long. Peduncle of the cyme half an inch; the pedicels bracteolate. Calyx about 1 line long, with very short, teeth. Corolla 2% lines long; throat and tube bearded within ; lobes acute, revolute, as long as the tube. Distinguished from the similar Canth. Cornelia, Cham. and Schl. ( Pavetta Cornelia, Reichb. in Sieb. pl. Senegal) by the much larger leaves, petioles and calyx not being villous, shorter calyx-teeth, and smaller flowers.
2. C. obovatum (Klotzsch. in E. Z. Enum. n, 2293); unarmed, glabrous ; leaves shortly petiolate, obovate or elliptical, subacute at the base, shining above, paler below, few-nerved ; cymes axillary, tricho- tomous, many-flowered, shorter or equalling the leaves ; peduneles, pedi- cels, and calyz glabrous; corolla glabrous, lobes revolute ; style exserted ; stigma mitre-formed. Mitrastigma lucidum Harv.! in Lond. Jour. Bot. vol. 1,p.20. Thes.Cap.t.22. Phallaria lucida, Hochst.! Flora, 1842, p. 238. Psychotria obtusifolia, E. Mey. et Psychot, 2361. Herb, Drege.
Var. 8. pyrifolium ; leaves elliptic or suborbicular, obtuse at the base. . pyri- folium Klotzsch, E. Z. 2294, et Ehretia? 62.
Has. In distr. Ui near Adow, Winterhoeksberg, Z. & Z. ; Glenfilling and near Strandfontein and Matjesfontein, Dreye ; Van Stadesberg, Zeyh, 2706 ;
.
Plectronia. | RUBIACEE (Sond.) 17
Natal, Krauss, 178. Gueinzius, T. Williamson, Gerrard § M‘Ken. Var. 8B. in Krakakamma, £. § Z. Jan.—Feb. (Herb. D., Sd.)
Shrub or tree 12-15 feet high, with tetragonal subcompressed branches. Stipules cuspidate. Leaves 1-2 inches long, with revolute margins, and a gland at the base of the lateral nerves. Cymes pedunculate. Calyx 1 line long, with very short teeth. Corolla 2 lines long, §, rarely 4-parted, the lobes acute ; the inner surface of the tube and throat hairy. Anthers subsessile, exserted. Style much exserted, Fruit the size of a large pea, roundish, subcompressed, 1-2-seeded.
X. PLECTRONIA, L.
Calyz-tube obovate or oblong; limb with 5 short teeth. Corolla subinfundibuliform, with a 5-parted limb, acute, reflexed segments val- vate in bud, and a hairy or naked throat. Stamens 5, in the throat, sub- exserted. Style short. Stigma subcapitate, of 2 approximate lamelle. Berry fleshy, obovate-oblong, compressed, didymous, of 2 pyrene. Py- rene indehiscent, 1-seeded. Albumen fleshy. Lam. ill. t. 146. Plectronia et Psilostoma, Klotzsch. in E. Z. enum.
Shrubs or small trees with subspinous branches, ovate leaves, and axillary race- mose or corymbose peduncles, with small flowers. Name from #Anxrpoy, a whip, in allusion to the square branches. [Too nearly allied to Canthium, W. H. H.]
Throat bearded.
Leaves pale beneath ; petioles glabrous ... ... ... ... ... (1) ventosa. Leaves one-coloured ; petioles pubescent ... ... ... ... ... (2) Mundtiana. Throat naked.
Pedicels axillary, 2-flowered; tube of corolla as long as thelimb (3) parviflora. Pedicels axill.,1-2-flowered ; tube of corollalongerthanthelimb (4) ciliata. Pedicels axill., 5-12-fl.; tube of corolla shorter than the limb (5) spinosa.
1, P. ventosa (Linn. Mant. p. 52); glabrous, branches brachiate, patent, spiny ; twigs quadrangular ; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate or ovate-oblong, entire, subcoriaceous, pale on the lower surface ; corymbs 10—20-flowered; tube of the corolla conical, longer than the limb ; throat bearded. Serissa Capensis, Thunb. l. c. p. 193, excl. syn. Cruse Rubiac. cap. p. 20, t.2, E. Z.! 2297. Canthium Thunbergianum, Cham. & Schl. in Linnea, 4, p.130. Burm. Afr. n. 257, t. 94-
Has. In woods and ravines throughout the Colony. Oct.-Nov. (Herb. D., Sd.)
A ger ner feet ence -aagael from 6-10 oe a — Wood ean oF subacuminate, 1-23 inches long. Petioles 4-6 lines oa glabrous. Corymbs shorter than the leaves. Corolla about 3 lines long. Style equalling the throat. Fruit about 5~6 lines long, 4 lines broad. Seeds oblong. Plectronia ven- tosa, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 195, is Apodytes dimidiata, Benth. (Conf. vol. 1, p. 235).
_ 2. P, Mundtiana (Pappe Sylv. cap. p. 19); branches erect-spread- ing, a little spiny ; twigs subangular ; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate, or elliptical, entire, membranaceous, one-coloured, petioles and middle rib pubescent on the upper surface ; corymbs 5—r10-flowered ; tube ot the corolla cylindrical, as long as the limb, throat bearded. Canthium Mundtianum Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea, 4, p. 131. #. & Z./ 2295. Herb. Un. Itin. No. 637. Drege, 6747.
Var. 8. pubescens (Cham. and Schl. 1. c.); branches and leaves softly pubescent.
Poet ifolia, Mundt. in Herb. E. § Z. On the Table and Devil’s Mountain, Simon’s Bay, Grootvadersbosch, Plet-
VOL, It, 2
18 RUBIACE (Sond) | Plectronia.
tenbergsbay, and near Gnadenthal. Var. 8. near Witte-boome, Table Mountain. Noy.—Dec. (Herb. 8d., D.)
Arborescent shrub, 5-8 feet high. Bark and wood white, Very similar to the preceding, but branches more straight, less spiny, spines much shorter, not dis- coloured leaves with hairy petioles, and smaller flowers.
8. P. pauciflora (Klotzsch. ! E, Z. n. 2300); glabrous, branches and twigs terete ; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate, acute, few-nerved, entire, membranaceous, one-coloured; peduncles opposite, axillary, 2-flowered ; tube of the corolla as long as the limb ; throat naked ; tube hairy in the middle inside. Randia ? triplinervis, E. Meyer. in Herb. Drege.
Has. W., Plettenbergsbay, Mundt.; Natal, Drege. Cooper, 1165, Dec.—Jan, (Herb. D., Sd.)
A shrub, probably unarmed, with erect, spreading, greyish-green, virgate branches. Leaves J inch long, 8 lines broad, with 2 or 3 pairs of lateral nerves, not veined. Petiole 2 lines long. Stipules cuspidate, short. Peduncle 4 inch ; the 2 pedicels 4 lines long. Calyx 1 line. Corolla 2 lines long ; the lobes acute; the throat quite naked, but there is a hairy ring in the tube below the anthers. Fruit black, didy- mous, but by abortion of the one cell, obliquely oblong, nearly 3 inch long.
4. P, ciliata (Sond.); branches spiny, tercte, glabrous ; twigs pu- bescent ; leaves opposite, shortly petiolate, ovate or subcordate-ovate, subacute, penninerved, pale and veined beneath, appressed-hairy, or glabrous above; peduncles opposite, axillary, 1-, rarely 2-fl.; tube of corolla longer than the limb, throat naked ; tube with scattered hairs inside. Psilostoma ciliata, Kl. ! E. Z. 2296. Randia? venosa, E. M.
Var. 8. mollis; leaves softly pubescent on both sides; corolla hairy outside, PZ, mollis, Gerr. MS. .
Van. y. glabrata; leaves quite glabrous on both sides, or with scattered haiis beneath ; corolla glabrous.
Has. On the Katriver, near Philipstown and Nieuweport, £. ¢ Z.; Howisons- poort, Zeyh. 2708 ; Buffel River, Gekau, Morley, and near Port Natal, Drege, var. B. Natal, Gueinzius, 554. J. Sanderson, 444, 281. Gerr. § M‘K. 5, et 1345; var. y. Port Natal, Gerr. § M‘K. 1346. Oct.—April. (Herb. Sond., D.)
A large shrub with long horizontal opposite spines, Leaves opposite, rarely fasciculate, 8-12 lines long, subcoriaceous ; petioles 1-2 lines long. Stipules subu- late, equalling the petiole. Peduncles capillary, 3-1 inch long, bibracteate in the middle. Corolla 3 lines long. Anthers subsessile. Style subexserted ; stigma capitate. Fruit didymous, one cell often wanting by abortion ; about 4 lines long.
5. P. spinosa (Klotzsch.! E.Z.n.2298); nearly glabrous, branches very spinous, terete ; leaves shortly petiolate, fasciculate, oval or obovate, ob- tuse, attenuate at the base, quite entire, penninerved, paler and veined beneath; peduncles axillary, solitary or fasciculate, racemose or corym- bose-panicled, 5—12-flowered; tube of the corolla shorter than the limb ; throat and tube naked.
Has. Woods near Adow and Olifantshoek, HZ. § Z.; Stadensriver, Zeyh. 674 Drege, 6750; Natal, Gueinzius, 403 ; Gerr. § M‘K. 534. Dec.—Jan. (Herb. Sd., D.)
Habit of a Celastrus ; shrub 5-8 feet in height. Branches spreading, greyish- white. Spines }—-1 inch long. Stipule subulate. Leaves rising from an ie bud ; petiole 1-2 lines long. Young leaves as well as the twig sometimes appressed- hairy, old leaves quite glabrous, 1-14 inch long. Racemes or panicles shorter than the leaves ; pedicels about 2 lines long. Calyx with very short teeth. Corolla 1} lines long. Fruit didymous, one cell often abortive.
Pavetta.} RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 19
XI. PAVETTA, Linn. Calyx-tube ovate ; limb 4-toothed or cleft. Corolla salver-shaped, with a long slender tube, and a 4-parted spreading limb. Anthers 4, sessile in the throat. Style much exserted beyond the tube of the corolla, stigma clavate, entire or nearly so. Berry drupaceous, 2-celled, crowned with the limb of the calyx. DC. 1. ¢. 4, p. 485.
Shrubs or small trees, with opposite leaves and corymbs of white or yellow flowers. — Pavetta is the vernacular name of P. indica in Malabar.
(1) Calyx-teeth setaceous, 2-4 times longer than the tube. Leaves ebovate, almost sessile, glabrous pe Sooper a ee A
Leaves elliptic, petiolate, pubescent... ... ... ... ... (2) Cooperi. Leaves ovato-lanceolate, glabrous, hairy on the midrib
beneath; panicle pubescent ... ... ... 0... -. «. (5) Gerrardi. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, tomentose beneath ; panicle
RPUENE ONES ert a ee i i an ak LO Leaves lanceolate-acuminate, petiolate, glabrous ..._... (3) Natalensis.
(2) Calyx-teeth as long as the tube.
Cn aA ae he ee ee ee YS Leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuate at the base ... ... (9) Zeyheri.
(3) Calyx-teeth minute, shorter than the tube. Leaves obovate, limb of calyx with minute, acute teeth (7) assimilis. Leaves lanceolate-acute ; limb of calyx repando-dentate (8) edentula. Leaves lanceolate-attenuate ; teeth of calyx subobtuse, half aslong as the tube... ... «1... ase wee «ee (36) lanceolata.
1. P. Caffra (Thunb.! fl. cap. p. 146); branches terete, as well as the leaves glabrous; leaves obovate, almost sessile ; stipules broad, cuspidate ; corymbs dense-flowered ; teeth of calyx setaceous, twice longer than the tube. E.Z.! 2302. P. corymbosa, Houtt. Nat. Hist. t. 10; [xora caffra, Potr. suppl. 3, p. 209.
Van. 8. pubescens; branches, leayes, and flowers shortly pubescent.
Has. In woods, Dists. of Uitenhage, Albany, Caffraria and Port Natal, Thunb. EL. § Z. Drege, Zeyh. 2711. Dec.—Jan. (Herb. Thunb., Sd., D.)
Shrub 3-6 feet high, with whitish branches. Leaves with slightly recurved mar- gins, the lateral nerves often not conspicuous, quite glabrous, or in Var. 8. pubescent, 13-2 inches long, about 1 inch broad, attenuated at the base, sometimes in a short petiole. ‘Teeth of calyx 2 lines, tube of corolla 6 lines long. Fruit black, shining, as large as a pea crowned with the calyx,
2. P. Cooperi (Harv. & Sond.) ; branches terete, very shortly pubes- cent; leaves petiolate, elliptic, acute at both ends, hairy-scabrous above, softly pubescent and strongly nerved beneath ; stipules broad, euspidate ; corymbs capitate; calyx-teeth twice as long as the tube, setaceous.
Has. Natal, 7. Cooper, 1175; Gerr. ¢§ M‘K. 1349. (Herb. D., Sd.)
A large shrub. Leaves 14-2 inches long, 1-14 inch broad, with very prominent middle and divergent lateral nerves. Petioles 3-6 lines long. Corymb globose, a, cles and pedicels very short, pubescent as well as the 2 lines long calyx-teeth. y pilose, or nearly glabrous, white; length of the tube and size of the fruit as in P. Cagfra, from which this species, at first sight, differs by the elliptical, nerved leaves.
8. P. Natalensis (Sond.); quite glabrous ; young branches com- pressed ; leaves on longish petioles, lanceolate, acuminate, attenuate at the base, shining ; stipules euspidate-acuminate ; corymb loose, pe- duncle naked at the base, pedicels 1-flowered ; teeth of calyx t times as long as the tube, setaccous, ae
2*
20 RUBIACEZ (Sond.) [ Pavetta.
Has. Port Natal, Gerrard § M‘Ken. (Herb. D.)
Very different from the preceding. The leaves are 3-4 inches long, 7-10 lines broad, with subrecurved margins, much acuminated at the apex. The corymb or racemose panicle, in the only fruit-bearing specimen I have seen, is 1 inch high and 2 inches wide, Calyx-tube 1 line long. Fruit somewhat larger than in P. Cuffra.
4. P. Bowkeri (Harv. Thes. t. 131); twigs compressed, clothed with a very short bifarious pubescence; leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering into a pubescent petiole, with recurved margins, quite glabrous above, tomentose beneath; corymbose panicle loosely trichotomous, glabrous ; teeth of calyx 3-4 times longer than the tube, setaceous.
Has. Mouth of Bashee R., Caffr.,inswamps. Feb. H. Bowker, 459. (Hb. D., Sd.)
Leayes 3-4 inches long, 1-1} inch broad, shortly acuminated into a bluntish point, penninerved, softly tomentose beneath ; petiole 4 inch long. Stipules cuspidate or aristate. Panicle spreading ; bracts very small. Calyx 3 lines long. Tube of the glabrous white corolla } inch, lobes 3 lines long, acute.
5. P. Gerrardi (Harv. MSS.); twigs compressed, minutely downy ; leaves long-petioled, ovato-lanceolate, acute or subacuminate, tapering at the base, with subrecurved margins, glabrous, but hairy on the mid- dle nerve beneath ; corymbose panicle trichotomous, shortly pubescent ; teeth of calyx twice longer than the tube, setaceous.
Has. Tugela River, Natal, Gerr. d M‘K. 1350. (Herb. D.)}
A bushy shrub, 2-4 feet high, with light green foliage and large white flowers, nearly allied to P. Bowkeri, from which it chiefly differs in the longer, broader, gla- brous, and green leaves. Leaves 5—6 inches long, and nearly 2 inches broad. Pe- tioles pubescent, 4-1 inch long. Stipules cuspidate. Panicle many-flowered. Corolla glabrous, the size as in the preceding.
6. P. obovata (E. Mey. in Dreg. enum.); quite glabrous, twigs com- pressed ; leaves obovate, tapering into the petiole, obtuse or acute, with revolute margins, subcoriaceous, penninerved ; panicle corymbose, loosely trichotomous ; teeth of calyx acute, as long as the tube. P. revoluta, Hochst.! Flora, 1842, p. 237.
Has. Port Natal, Drege, Krauss. 98. Kowie sand hills, P. Mae Owan, 420. J. Sanderson. Plant. (Herb. Sd., D.)
Leaves 2~3 inches long, 12-15 lines broad, paler beneath. Petiole 1-4 lines long. Panicle spreading’; bracts minute. Calyx 1 line long. Corolla white, the tube 6 lines, limb nearly 3 lines long. Style very long. Fruit as large as a large pea, shining, crowned by the rigid calyx,
7. P. assimilis (Sond.); quite glabrous ; twigs subcompressed ; leaves obovate, tapering in the petiole, obtuse or subacute, with recurved mar- gins, subcoriaceous, penninerved ; panicle corymbose, trichotomous ; limb of calyx cupshaped, with very minute, acute teeth.
Has. Port Natal, Gerrard § M‘Ken, 1355. Dec. (Herb. D., Sd.)
Closely resembling P. obovata in habit and in the size and form of the leaves, but well characterized by the calyx. Panicle t-1} inch long. Calyx 1 line long, the teeth like a mucro. Tube of corolla 4 lines, the limb 2 lines long. Style one half longer than the corolla.
8. P. edentula (Sond.); quite glabrous ; twigs terete ; leaves Zanceo- late acute, tapering in a longish petiole, fiat, coriaceous, shining, penni- nerved, and reticulate ; panicle corymbose, much shorter than the leaves ; limb of calyx cupshaped, repando-dentate.
Has. Port Natal, near Ingoma, March. Gerr. ¢ M‘K, 1353. (Herb. D.)
Grumilea.} RUBIACEH (Sond.) 21
A shrub, 4-5 feet, Leaves 6-7 inches long, 14-14 inch broad. Petiole 1 inch jong. Stipules very broad, aristate. Panicle 14-2 inches long, with minute bracts. Calyx 14 line long, repand, without teeth. Corolla white, tube 6 lines, limb 2 lines long. Exserted part of the style as long as the corolla.
9. P. Zeyheri (Sond.); quite glabrous ; twigs terete or subcompressed ; leaves (small) oblong-lanceolate or oblong, tapering at the base, nearly sessile ; corymb abbreviate, 8—12-flowered ; teeth of calyx as long as the tube, acute. P. lanceolata, Zeyh. 768, not of E. & Z.
Has. Magalisberg, Vaalriver, Zeyher ¢ Burke. Dec. (Herb. Sd., D.)
Shrub with widely spreading, opposite branches. Leaves often tufted, 10-12 lines long, 2 lines broad. Corymb as long or shorter than the leaf. Calyx nearly i line long. Corolla wanting. Fruit as large as a pea, black.
10. P. lanceolata (Eckl! in South Afr. Quart. Journ. 1830, p. 374); quite glabrous; branches subcompressed ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate, at- tenuate at both ends, with recurved margins, coriaceous, shining above; panicle corymbose, trichotomous ; ; teeth of the calyx bluntish, twice shorter than the tube. E. Z. 2303. P. lanceolata, E. Mey. in Hb. Drege.
Has. Forests in Olifantshoek, Uitenhage ; near Grahamstown ; Fort Beaufort, Katriver, and Natal, E. ¢ Z., Drege, Gerr. & M‘Ken. Nov.—Jan. (Herb. D., Sd.)
A shrub, 6-8 feet high, with yellowish or grey branches. Leaves 2}-3 inches long, 5-9 lines broad. Petioles short, in the specimens from Natal often 4-6 lines long. Stipules aristate. Corymbs terminal, lax, many-flowered. Calyx 1 line, tube of corolla 4 lines, lobes 2 ines Fi long. Fruit black, globose, as large as a small pea.
XII. GRUMILEA, Gaertn.
Calyx-tube urceolate, limb with 5 very short teeth. Corolla with a short tube, villous in the throat; limb 5-parted, reflexed, valvate in bud. Stamens sub-exserted ; anthers oblong. Ovary 2-celled, cells 1-ovulate. Style exserted ; stigma bifid. Berry globose, 2-celled, "a-seeded. Seed planoconvex. ‘Albumen cartilaginous, ruminate, or grumose from chinks and fissures. Hmbryo erect, small. DC. prod. 4, p. 495.
Shrubs. Leaves opposite, petiolate, elliptic or obovate, coriaceous. Stipulz acute, broad at the base, deciduous. Flowers terminal, cymose. Name from grumula, a little heap ; in reference to the albumen, which is grumose.
1. G. Capensis (Sond.) ; glabrous ; branches subtetragonous or com- pressed ; leaves shortly petiolate, obovate or oblong-ovate, subacute, attenuated at the base, with revolute margins ; corymbs pedunculate, trichotomous ; bracts and pedicels pilose. Logania capensis, Eckl. ! im South Afr. Quart. Journ. 1. p. 371. Plectronia citrifolia, E.Z. ! n. 2299. P. coffeacea, E. Z.! pl. exsics. Grumilea cymosa, LE, Mey.! G. globosa, Hochst.! Flora XXVII. IT. p. 554.
Var. 8, angustifolia ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, mucronulate or subacute.
Var. +. pubescens; leaves obovate, or obovate-oblong, ple length
Has. Woods, Zaureberge, Drege; Olifantshoek, on Bosjesmannsrivier, BE. & Z.; Howison’s Port, H. Hutton, Zeyh. 2707 ; Port Natal, Drege, J. Sanderson ; Krauss. 428. Gerrard ¢ M‘Ken, 830. Var. B. near Grahamstad, Zeyh. Var. y. Port Natal. Sept.—Jan. (Herb. Sond., D.)
Evergreen shrub or tree. ” Leaves penninerved, 3-5 inches long, 1}-2 inches broad, shining above, a little paler beneath, quite glabrous, or with short adpressed hairs on the middle nerve ; in var. y. evidently pubescent, especially on the neryes. Pe-
22 RUBIACEZ (Sond.) | Kraussia.
tiole 2-4 lines long. Stipules coriaceous, very broad, mucronulate. Corymb trifid, on an uncial peduncle; pedicels appressed-hairy, at length glabrous, bracteated at the base ; the ultimate pedicel terminated by a 6-12-flowered umbel. Calyx 4 line long, shorter than its pedicel, sinuated, but acutely toothed. Corolla yellow( Gerrard ), 3 lines long ; lobes equalling the tube. Filaments glabrous. Lobes of stigma thick- ened. Fruit the size of a peppercorn, black, shining, 2-seeded. Seeds ruminate.
XIII. KRAUSSIA, Harvey.
Calyx-tube ovate; limb short, 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped, tube short, obconieal, limb 5-cleft, lobes oblong, with imbricate sestivation ; the throat densely hairy. Stamens 5, in the throat, exserted ; filaments short. Anthers erect, attenuate. Ovary 2-celled, cells 1-ovulate. Style very short. Stigma clavate, fusiform, striato-lamellate, bifid, lobes erect or revolute. Berry globose, crowned with the calyx limb, 2, or by abortion, 1-seeded. Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot, vol. 1, p. 20.
Glabrous shrubs with lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, quite entire glossy, shortly petiolate leaves, broad, abruptly subulate-acuminate stipules and axillary
cymes of white(?) flowers. Named in honour of Dr. Ferdinand Krauss, professor at Stutgardt, who travelled and collected in South Africa.
Stigma club-shaped, undivided or bidentate, erect : Lys. sub-petiolate, oblong or lance-oblong, subacute ..._ (1) floribunda, Lys. petiolate, broadly-oblong, much acuminate ... ... (2) pavettoides, Stigma deeply 2-lobed, the lobes revolute : Lys. lanceolate-acuminate scusck cp thlancae Sse 7 Gao La seneoolata. Lys. ovate-oblong, subacute ... ... ... «+ -- «+ (4) Coriacea.
1. K, floribunda (Harv. 1. c.); branches reddish brown, quadrisul- cate; leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate-subacute ; cymes axillary, panicu- late, nearly as long as the leaves, pedicels spreading; limb of the calyx obtuse ; anthers subsessile ; stigma very large, clavate, as long or a little longer than the style. Harv. Thes.t. 21. Coffea Kraussiana, Hochst. in Flora, 1842, p. 237. Psychotria oblongifolia, E. Mey. a. (non. b.)
Has. Port Natal, Krauss, 121; Gueinzius, 109, 111, 551. Drege, Gerr. § M‘K. 406. (Herb. Sond., D.)
Leaves 24—3 inches long, 1 inch broad, penninerved and with a gland at the base of each nerve below. Stipules mucronulate. Cymes trichotomous, the peduncle nearly an inch long; the pedicels with a minute lanceolate bracteole at the base, and about twice as long as the obtuse calyx. Corolla 3-4 lines long. Filaments very short. Fruit the size of a garden pea,
2. K. pavettoides (Harv.); twigs dark-colored, bluntly 4-angled ; leaves obovate-oblong, acuminate, tapering at base into a petiole; cymes terminal and axillary, peduncled, trichotomous ; pedicels spreading, puberulous as well as the calyx; calyx-lobes obtuse; anthers subsessile ; style hoary in the middle, twice as long as the club-shaped, bidentate stigma,
Has. Ravines on Field-Hill, Natal, J. Sanderson, 656. (Herb. D., Sd.)
_ A tree or large shrub, 10-20 feet high, with the habit of a Pavetta. Leaves 4-5 inches long, 14-24 inches broad, of thin substance, turning very dark in drying, narrow cuneate at base, and passing into a }-—} inch long petiole, distantly penni- nerved and netted beneath ; the midrib puberulous. Cymes mostly sub-terminal, from the axils of smaller leaves. Peduncles uncial; pedicels much-branched, corym- bose. Stipules cuspidate. Tube of corolla 3 as long as the limb. Throat minutely, but closely pubescent within: by which character this differs from the other species.
Bunburya.] RUBIACE (Sond.) 23
3. K. lanceolata (Sond. in Linn. xxiii. p. 53); branches yellowish quadrisnlcate ; leaves lanceolate, acuminate ; cymes axillary, many-flow- ered, much shorter than the leaves ; limb of the calyx acute; filaments oxserted, nearly as long as the anthers 3 stigma bifid, 3 times shorter than the style, with revolute lobes. Carpothalis lanceolata, E. Mey. Psychotria saligna, EZ. Mey. (fruct.)
Hap. Natal, Drege, Gueinzius, 68, 556. Gerr. & M‘K. 713. (Herb. Sd., D.)
Leaves subcoriaceous, nerved and veined on both surfaces, 3-34 inches long, 8-10 lines broad ; petiole 4 lines long. Cymes 6-8 lines high ; the bracteoles sheathing. Calyx acutely 5-toothed. Corolla 3 lines long, lobes oblong, reflexed, Fruit glo- bose, the size of a small pea, crowned by the calyx, with 2 pyrene.
4. K. coriacea (Sond. 1. c.); branches pale, subangulate ; leaves coriaceous, very shortly petiolate, oblong or evate-oblong, subacute at both ends, with recurved margins ; cymes axillary, 4-8 flowered, three times shorter than the leaves ; calyx acutely 5-toothed ; filaments very phe stigma bifid, nearly 4 times shorter than the style, with reyo- ute lobes.
Has. Natal, Gueinzius, 100; Gerr. & M‘K. 712. (Herb. Sd., D.)
Branches greyish white. Leaves 3 inches long, 1 inch broad, ‘reticulated veined ; the petiole stout 2 lines long. Pedicels 4-5 lines long, with 2 alternate bracteoles. Corolla 4 lines long, the reflexed lobes nearly as long as the tube ; the throat very villous with white hairs. Filaments affixed below the middle of the thrice longer linear anthers. Ovary 2-celled. Near the preceding, but easily distinguished by the thickish, coriaceous, not acuminate leaves, and the densely- beaxta throat of the corolla. —
XIV. BUNBURYA, Meisn.
Onis hte subglobose ; limb shortly bilabiate, 6-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, limb 6-lobed, lobes lanceolate-oblong, twice shorter than the tube, with imbricate xstivation. Stamens 6 in the throat, exserted ; filaments short, affixed in the middle of the linear-oblong anthers. Ovary bilocular, cells 1-ovulute, Style filiform, glabrous, Stigma bilamellate, lamells short, acute. Fruit... Meisn. in plant. Krauss, Reg. Bot. Zeitg. 1844, non. Harvey. Natalanthe, Sond. in Iinneea, vol. xaiir. p. 52.
A shrub with the habit of Coffea Arabica ; a oe, twigs mostly
bescent ; stipules broad, with subulate acumen ; leaves shortl y petiolate, ovate-
ceolate, tapering to a bluntish point, obitueis oF abot at itis bas + Sane?
3~4-flowered on very short peduncles ; calyx subtended by a cup-like Named after Sir Charles J. F. Bunbury, Bt. F.RS, who tenvllell and Setcioed in in
South Africa,
1, B. Capensis ,Cieen 1. ¢.); Harv. Thes. Cap. t. 132. Natalanthe floribunda, Sond. l, Has. Near Port ae, Krauss, Drege, hac re 360. Gerrard & M‘K. 1368 ; Kreili’s Country, Caffraris. HY. Bowker. Tul erb. Sd., D.) Large leaves 3-4 inches long, t4 inch broad, penninerved and ’ veined, glabrous, except on the nerves beneath. Petioles nerved, and calyx adpressed- or subsilky- pubescent. Corolla } inch long, with 6, rarely 7 lobes, white TRIBE VI._SPERMACOCEE (Gen. XV.-XVIII) XV. SPERMACOCE, Meyer. Calyx with an ovate or turbinate tube, and a 2-4-lobed limb, and sometimes accessory teeth in the recesses of the primary lobes. Corolla
24 RUBIACE (Sond.) [Pentanisia.
salver-shaped or funnel-shaped, 4 lobed. Stigma bifid or undivided. Capsule crowned, 2-celled ; nuts 1-seeded, dividing into 2 parts from the apex ; the one part closed by the adnate dissepiment, the other open. Seed oval-oblong, marked inside by a longitudinal furrow. DC. prod. 4, P. 552.
Herbs or sub-shrubs, stems or branches tetragonal. ‘Leaves opposite. Stipules combined with the petioles, sheathing, fringed by numerous bristles. Flowers ax- illary, sessile, crowded. Name from o7epua, a seed, and axwxn, a point, in allusion to the capsule being crowned by the calycine points.
1, S. Natalensis (Hochst. in pl. Krauss.) ; stem erect, glabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate or linear, with revolute margins, glabrous, sometimes scabrous on the middle nerve beneath ; stipules rigid, with 5 bristles on each side ; flowers glomerate, semi-verticillate ; stamens sub-inclosed ; capsule crowned by the calyx-teeth. Diodia elongata, E. Meyer. in Herb. Drege.
Has. Natal, Krauss. 328; Gueinzius, 516; Gerr. ¢ M'K., J. Sanderson, near Glen- filling, on the Key and Omblas, Drege. Dec.—April. (Herb. Sd., D.)
Stem 1-2 feet high, simple or branched. Leaves 1-2 inches long, 2-3 lines broad,
paler beneath, the upper ones smaller. Heads of flowers the size of a large pea, or a small hazelnut. Flowers 1 line long.
XVI. PENTANISIA, Harv.
Calyx-tube obovate or turbinate, limb with 2 or 3 (rarely 4) elongate, linear-subulate lobes, and some (3-4) small accessory ones. Corolla salver-shaped, with a long tube, a bearded throat, and a 5-, rarely 4-lobed limb. Stamens 5 or 4, inserted in the throat, subexserted ; an- thers oblong. Ovary 2-celled, cells 1-ovulate. Style filiform ; stigma bifid, with linear-lobes. Capsule coriaceous, didymous, crowned by the calyx-lobes, bipartite into 2, monospermous, indehiscent nuts. Seed subtriquetrous, plano-convex. Lond. Journ. Bot, 1842, p. 21. Diotocar- pus, Hochst, in Reg. Bot. Zeitz, 1843, p. 70.
Perennial herb, with a tuberous root, a tetragonal or compressed stem, opposite nerved leaves, on each side with 3-4-fid setaceous stipules ; and pedunculated, terminal, capitate, sometimes spiked flowers. Name from eve, five, and avicos, unequal; alluding to the unequal calycine lobes,
1, P. variabilis (Harv. Ll. c. p.)
Var. a, latifolia; stem erect or ascending, hairy or hirsute; leaves elliptic, ovate or oblong, acute, hairy or nearly glabrous ; flowers disposed in umbel-like spikes. P. variabilis, B. latifolia, Hochst. l.c. P. variabilis, Harv.
Var. 8. intermedia; stem erect, downy, or as well as the leaves glabrous or nearly s0 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, narrower at the base ; flowers disposed in umbel-like, rarely interrupted spikes. P. variabilis, Harv. Crusea variabilis et lanceolata, E. Mey. in Herb. Dreg. Declieuxia prunelloides, Klotzch, E. Z. n. 2301. Diotocarp. prumelloides, Hochst. l, ¢.
Var. 7. glaucescens ; stem erect, as well as the leaves glabrous ; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, glaucous-green, obtuse or narrower at the base ; flowers disposed in oblong, interrupted spikes. P. glaucescens, Harv. 1. c. Orusea glaucescens, E. Meyer. Pentanisia et Diotocarpus angustifolius, Hochst.
Has. Mountains, var. a., near Port Natal, Drege, Gueinzius, 513. Plant, 33. Dr. Sutherland, J. Sanderson, Gerr. § M‘Ken, Krauss. Var. B. Winter- and Katrivier- berge, Caffraria, E.§ Z., H. Bowker, near Port Natal, Krauss. Drege. Var. y. neat
Mitracarpum.| RUBIACEE (Sond.) 25
D'Urban, Gerrard § M‘Ken, 34, 580. Krauss. 93, Drege; Magalisberg, Zeyh. 762. Oct.—Nov. (Herb. D., Sd.
Root 2-3 inches long, nearly 1 inch broad, brown, Stem 4-1 foot, quadrangular or compressed, reddish. Stipules variable, 2-3 lines or nearly 6 lines long, 3-fid or 5-fid, the middle lobe often larger. Leaves sessile, or on very short petioles ; in var. a., t-14 inch long, 6-9 lines broad ; in var. 8. et y. narrower, and often 2 inches long or longer. Flowers beautiful lilac, on a longish naked peduncle, in var. a. and f. aggregated in a head-like, dense spike, involucrated by the outer calyx-lobes, pubes- cent ; in var. y. forming an interrupted spike 4-2 inches long, glabrous. Calyx-lobes about 3-4 lines long. Corolla nearly 1 inch long. Fruit appressed-hairy or glabrous, subglobose, shorter than the calyx-lobes.
XVII. MITRACARPUM, Zuccarini.
Calyx with an ovate tube, and a 4-toothed, permanent limb; 2 of the teeth usually larger than the others. Corolla salver-shaped, with a terete tube, which is furnished near the base inside with a circular line of hairs, a glabrous throat, and a 4-lobed limb. Stigma bifid. Capsule membranous, crowned, 2-celled, circumcised round the middle. Seeds solitary in the cells, basilar, partly fixed to the dissepiment. Roem. et Schult. syst. 3, p. 210. A. Rech. mem. soc. hist, nat. par. 6, p. 151, f. 14, f. 4.
Herbs or subshrubs, with the habit of Spermacoce. Stipules combined with the petioles a little way, and ending in many bristles. Flowers in dense, verticillate, axillary and terminal heads, the latter always involucrated by 4 leaves. Name from uitpa, a girdle or ring, and kap7os, a fruit, in allusion to the fruit being cut round about in the middle.
1, M. Dregeanum (E. Mey. in Herb. Drege) ; stem erect, branched, as well as the leaves hairy ; leaves sessile, lanceolate, narrower at the base, with revolute margins ; stipules with 5-6 bristles on each side ; flowers disposed in capitate whorls; calyx with 4 teeth, 2 a little smaller, ciliated, somewhat shorter than the corolla. :
Has, Near Port Natal, Drege, Gerrard § M‘Ken. April. (Herb. Sd. D.)
Stem 1-2 feet high, subhirsute. Leaves 14~2 inches long, 4-6 lines broad, acute, scabrous, hairy. Bristles of the stipules 2-3 lines long. Calyx-teeth subulate, about 14 lines, corolla 3 lines long, the latter with 4 oblong, bearded lobes. Stamens subexserted. Capsule hairy, ovate. Seeds black, oblong, with a longitudinal furrow
Calyx with an ovate, angular tube, and a 4-parted permanent limb ; teeth acute, erect. Corol/a campanulately funnel-shaped, 4-lobed. An- thers 4, sessile in the throat, exserted, linear-oblong. Stigma roundly 2-lobed. Berry dry, corky, angular, lanceolate, or ovate-oblong, crowned by the calyx, 2-celled. Seeds solitary in the cells, oblong, bisulcate inside, with hard albumen and a straight embryo. Lam. idl. 76, fi 1. Serissus, Gertn. fruct. 1, p. 118, t. 25. mage.
Glabrous, creeping herbs. Stems terete. Leaves ovate-oblong, fleshy, joined with the stipules into a cupular, toothed sheath at the base. Flowers axillary, ses- sile, solitary or by twos. Name from ddwp, water, and @vAag, a keeper or guar-
1. H. carnosa (Sond.); quite glabrous ; stem decumbent ; branches ascending ; leaves ovato-lanceolate, acute, fleshy ; stipules 3-dentate ; flowers axillary, solitary ; limb of calyx shortly tubular, cleft on the
26 RUBIACEE (Sond.) [Galopina.
outer side, with eroso-denticulate margin ; corolla 4-lobed ; capsule oblong-ovate, angulate-striate, compressed, crowned by the conniyent calyx. Diodia carnosa, Hochst, pl. Krauss.
Has. Sandy sea-coast of Zitzikamma, Krauss. 1667 ; Port Natal, Gerrard and M‘Ken, 350. Mar.—Jul. (Herb. D. Sd.)
Habit of Arenaria peploides, but larger. Stipules 3-4 lines long. Leaves 4 inch long, 2 lines broad, flat above, with a minute point. Flowers white, 4 as long as the leaf. Fruit 3 lines long, 2 lines broad. Nearly allied to H. maritima, L.
TRIBE VII.—ANTHOSPERMEE (Gen. X1X.—XXII.) XIX. GALOPINA, Thunb.
Flowers hermaphrodite, dioecious or polygamous. Calyzx-tube obovate, limb 4—parted, very small, scarcely any. Corolla subrotate, 4—5-parted ; lobes oblong, lanceolate, patent-reflexed. Stamens 3-5, inserted in the base of the corolla. Anthers oblong, slightly exserted. Styles 2, with long hairy stigmas. Fruit obovato-didymous, consisting of 2 mericarps, at length separating, indehiscent, warted at back, 1-seeded, with a flat or flattish commissure. DC. 1. c. 4, p. 579. Anthospermi spec. Thunb. Prod. p. 23. Phyllis spec. Cruse, Linn. 6, p.19. Galopina et Oxyspermum, £. Z. enum. p. 364.
Perennial herbs, with opposite ovate or ovato-lanceolate leaves, and terminal lax panicles of small flowers. Name unexplained.
1, G. circwoides (Thunb. Diss. Nov. Gen. 1, p. 3); glabrous; leaves ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, tapering into the petiole, scabrous on the margins ; panicle expanded ; pedicels capillary, elongated ; flowers hermaphrodite. 2. § Z. 2304. Zeyh. 2712. Anthospermum galopina, Thunb. Fl. Cap. p.356. Phyllis galopina, Cruse, 1. c.
Has. Shady, moist places from Swellendam to Albany, and in Caffraria. Jan.—Feb. (Herb. Thunb., 8d., D.)
Stem rather angular, with 2 elevated lines which run from the stipules, 2 feet and more in height, branched, quite glabrous, very rarely in the lower part a little downy. Stipules 3-forked. Petiole 3-6 lines long. Leaves 14—3 inches long, 4-3 inch broad. The trichotomous panicle often 1 foot in diameter. Bracts subulate. Pedicels 4~1 inch long. Ripe fruit about 7 line long and broad ; mericarps convex at back.
2, G. aspera (Sond.); tomentose; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, subcordate at the base, on very short petioles ; panicle oblong ;
flowers dioecious or polygamous. Oxyspermum asperum, HE. § Z. 2305. G. hirsuta, HZ, Mey. G. tomentosa, Hochst. —
Has. Katriviersberg, near Philipstown, 7. § Z., H. Hutton; Natal on the Um- laasriver, and near D’Urban, Drege, Krauss., J. Sanderson, Gerr. § M‘Ken, 828. Mar.—Jun. (Herb. D., Sd.)
Stem 2-3 feet, stiff, simple, 4-cornered, as well as the leaves and panicle densel covered with short greyish hairs, Leaves with some smaller in the axils, Be oR long, 6-10 lines broad, quite entire, when old often subscabrous. Stipules 3-6-parted. Panicle 4-14 ft. long, trichotomously compound, leafy or nearly naked ; the branches and pedicels erect, spreading, rough-hairy in fruit, much shorter and more rigid than in G. circeoides. The specimens from Caffraria are polygamous (and hermaphrodite, E. & Z,), tho&e from Natal mostly dioecious. Fruit obovate, densely papillate; 4-7
line long. ~ XX. ANTHOSPERMUM, Linn. Calyx-tube obovate ; limb 4—5-toothed. Corolla tubular, limb 4-5-
Anthospermum. | RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 27
parted, lobes linear or lanceolate, spreading, revolute, valvate in estiva- tion, Stamens 4-5, inserted in the lower part of the tube. Anthers versatile, exserted. Styles 2, mostly very short, rarely connate; stigmas 2, very long, hairy. Fruit composed of 2, easily separable, indehiscent,
r-seeded mericarps, which are a little compressed at the raphe, and joined together by a concave commissure. Seeds erect, aflixed at the base Embryo dorsal, erect. Albumen subcartilaginous, Cruse, Dissert. Rubiac. Cap. p. 7, t. 1, f. 1, 2. Linn. 6, p. 4. DC. Prod. 4, p. 579.
Small shrubs or herbs. Stems branched. Leaves opposite or ternately verticillate, linear or lanceolate, rarely ovate or oblong, coriaceous. Stipules adhering to the petioles at the base, drawn out into a single tooth, rarely into 2 or 3 teeth in the middle. Flowers axillary, sessile, rarely panicled, small, with 2-3 bracts at the base of the ovary, dioecious or polygamous or hermaphrodite. Name from avéos, a flower, and omepua, a seed.
1. Flowers dioecious, axillary, subsessile (1-11). Stipules simple (1-9). Flowers pentandrous : Lvs. whorled, linear-lanceolate, ciliated ... (7) Bergianum, Lvs. opposite, lanceolate, ciliatedwhenyoung (9) hirtum. Flowers tetrandrous : Branches and leaves hirsute : Stem procumbent; lvs. lenger than inter- oe nodes, spreading (5) hispidulum. Stem erect ; lvs. shorter than internodes, erect-incurved ... (6) Branches minutely downy or glabrous : Lys. elliptical, ovate or oblong... ... .... (8) Dregei. Lys. linear or lanceolate. : Fruit sharply 3-ribbed ... (3) tricostatum. Fruit smooth or obsoletely ribbed. Stem rooting at the nodes... .... (2) prostratum. Stem not rooting. ee Fruit crowned by calyx-teeth (1) Zthiopicum. Fruit destitute of calyx-teeth (4) ciliare. Stipules 2-4-parted (10-11).
Lys. lanceolate, 1-14 inch long... (10) lanceolatum. Lys. ovate or ovato-anceolate, 4-6 lines long .. (11) hedyotideum. 2, Flowers dioecious, panic . (42) paniculatum. 3. Flowers Pan ay ee polygamous (13-18). Fruit crowned by one leafy calycine .. (13) ealycophyllum. Fruit with or without minute Clyne ; ees Fruit glabrous : Lys. erect, linear-lanceolate, bluntish ; an- . thers oblong . (14) pumilum. Lys. spreading, ‘linear- lanceolate, ‘acute ; : _. anthers linear; corolla glabrous ...... (15) rigidum. Lys. reflexed, oblong- -lanceolate, mucronate; i e anthers linear; corolla hairy... ... (16) Ecklonis. ruit hirsute : Flowers axillary-sessile ... ... ... -.. (17) Lichtensteinit. Flowers cymoso-panicled 2.0.0... 0. (18) Groeyllis.
: A. Ethiopicum Spee. 1511); stem erect ; young branches downy ; leaves ie ternate and d whorled, linear-lanceolate or
subspathulate, glabrous ; flowers aggregated, verticillate-spiked, tetran- drous ; fruit oblong, nearly cylindrical ; mericarps elliptic, convex, obsoletely-ribbed and minutely-dotted at back, crowned by the calyx-
28 RUBIACEE (Sond.) [Anthospermum.
teeth. Hort. Cliff. 455, t.27. Thunb.! Fl. Cap. p. 157. Cruse, Diss. p. 10. E. §& Z.1 2307. ©
Var. a. ternifolium (Cruse! Lc. p. 15); leaves 3 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, acute; branches straight. A. ethiop., var. y. verticillata, herb. Thunb. ; var. a, et B. E. § Z.1.¢, herb. Un. Itin. 24.
Var. 8. oppositifolium (Cruse! lc. p. 11); leaves opposite, linear-subspathulate, sometimes bluntish; branches virgate, erect-spreading. A. awthiop. a. et B. Herb. Thunb. A. spathulatum, Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1, p. 399. Var. y. ed. E. § Z.l,c, Herb. Un. Itin. 4, 5, 7,9, 11, 25, 26. Drege, 7661, 7666, 9551. Zeyh. 2714.
Var. y. Ecklonianum (Cruse! Linn, 6, p. 10); leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, Var.e. E. gd Z.l.c. A. spath. var. longifolium, E. Mey.
Var. 3. montanum; leaves opposite, lanceolate, bluntish, mucronulate; branches shorter, very leafy. Var. ¢. alpmum, E. § Z. l. ¢.
Has. On plains and mountains, common. Aug.—Jan. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd.
A very variable woody shrublet, 3-3 ft. high, much branched, greyish-brown. Branches opposite or ternate. Leaves aggregated, 3-8 lines long, 4-1} line broad, with revolute margins, shining and dotted above, pale with prominent middle nerve beneath. Stipules minute. lowers 2-4 times shorter than the leaves, usually 2-6 or more in a tuft. Cor. with a 4-parted limb, equalling the tube. Fruit 1 line long.
2. A. prostratum (Sond.); stem elongate, prostate, rooting; branches short, downy or glabrous; leaves opposite, lanceolate or subspathulate, mucronate, glabrous, with revolute margins; flowers solvtary, tetran- drous ; fruit obcordate ; mericarps roundish on the back, minutely downy or glabrous ; calyx-teeth nearly obsolete.
Var, a. velutinum; stem, branches, and fruit minutely-downy.
Var. 8. glabrum; stem, branches, and fruit quite glabrous. . Has, Cape flats, var. a. C. Wright, 491; var. B. Ecklon. (Herb. D., Sd.)
Root woody, 4-1 foot, stem 1~3 feet high, rooting at the internodes. Branches 1 inch or a finger long. ‘Leaves nearly as in A. spathulatum, Spr. or a little larger, not whitish, but mostly rufous beneath. Female flowers as in A. ethiopicum, stigmas very long, hairy. Fruit as long, but a little broader and more emarginate than in the preceding.
3. A. tricostatum (Sond.); stem erect, branched; branches slender, downy ; leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, with revolute margins, gla- brous ; flowers solitary, tetrandrous; fruit oblong; mericarps cuneate, prominently 3-ribbed at back, glabrous, minutely-dotted ; calyx-teeth nearly obsolete.
Has. Rietvallei, Z. § Z.; between Drickoppen and Bloodriver, Drege, 9550. April-Nov. (Herb. Sd.)
A woody shrub, with the habit of A. wthiopicum, var. B. Leaves aggregated, 3-4 lines long, acute. Fruit 14-2 lines long; the mericarps with 2 prominent marginal and a dorsal rib ; the bipartite spine, separating the mericarps, about half as long as the fruit. Stigmas very long and hairy.
4. A. ciliare (Linn. Spec. 1521); stem decumbent or suberect ; branches downy; leaves opposite, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, ciliated, when old often without cilia, with revolute margins ; flowers solitary, or 2-4 together, tetrandrous; fruit obcordate; mericarps round- ish at back, glabrous, shining, destitute of calycine limb. Thunb. ! 1. ¢. p. 157. Herb. ex pte. Cruse, Diss. p.13. Plukn. Mant. 51, t. 344,f- 5. 4: galordes, Reichb. Spreng. Syst. Veg. c. p, 1V. 2, p. 338. E. & 4.2308, A.
Anthospermum.| | RUBIACEH (Sond.) 29
spathulatum? E. M.in Herb. Drege. Herb. Un. Ttin, 12, 14,27, 191. Zey. 2718,2719. Drege, 9548. Stieber, Fl. Cap. 88. A. ciliare, a. et B. fem. (non mascul, ) et y. mas, Herb. Thunb.
Var, B. papillatum ; fruit densely papillate, at length glabrous or nearly so.
Van. y. glabrifolium ; leaves subglabrous, without cilia, or scabrous on margins.
Has. Stony places, plains and mountains, common; var. 8. Simon’s Bay and Rietvalley. May-Sept. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd.)
Stem 4-10 inches, much branched, procumbent, rarely erect. Leaves 3-4 lines long, aggregated, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate (var. latifolium, E. Z.), in other specimens linear-lanceolate (var. angustifolium et scabrum, E. Z.), glabrous and shining above, pale or rusty beneath. Corolla a little hairy outside ; the 4 lobes longer than the tube. Stigmas very long, hairy. Fruit } line long and broad, brown.
5. A. hispidulum (E. Mey.) ; stem procumbent, as well as the short branches and leaves clothed with spreading white hairs; leaves opposite, longer than the internodes, spreading, lanceolate, acute, with revolute margins ; flowers solitary, tetrandrous ; fruit eblong-cylindrical; meri- carps convex outside, hairy, crowned by the subulate calyx-teeth.
Has. Rocky places, Omsamwabo to Omsamcaba. May. Drege, Natal; Gerr. § M‘K. 1361, (Herb. D., Sd.)
A low shrub, with greyish stem and branches, glabrous at the base. Leaves 4-6 lines long, 1 line broad, hispidulous. Stipule subulate. Fl. very small. Stigmas very long, hairy. Fruit: 1 line long, nearly cylindrical, as long as the ciliate bracts.
6. A. Burkei (Sond.); stem erect; branches Iong, hirsute ; leaves opposite, shorter than the internodes, erect-incurved, lanceolate, acute, with revolute margins, densely clothed with short hairs; flowers aggre- gate, tetrandrous; fruit oblong; mericarps convex outside, pubescent, crowned by the minute, acute, calyx-teeth.
Has. Magalisberg, June, Burke ¢ Zeyh. (Herb. Sd., D.)
Primary branches 1—2 feet long ; ultimate branchlets very short. Internodes about 34 inch. Leaves with many smaller axillary leaves or short branchlets, 2-3 lines long, pointed. Flowers very small. Fruit scarcely 1 line long; the calycine lobes much shorter than in A. hispidudum, to which it is closely allied by the leaves and flowers, but not in habit.
7. A. Bergianum (Cruse! Diss. p. 8); stem erect; branches clothed with whitish pubescence; leaves 3 in a whorl, connately perfoliate, imbricated, linear-lanceolate, ciliated; flowers pentandrous ; subverticil- late, spiked ; fruit obovate; mericarps convex outside, glabrous, minutely punctate. Linn. 6, p. 7, H. Z.! 2306. Drege, 7668.
Has. Cape flats, common. July-Aug. (Herb. Sd., D.)
A very leafy, more or less branched shrub, about 1 foot high. Leaves longer than the internodes, densely imbricated, pale green, the margins and keel ciliated with white hairs, 3-5 lines long, acute. Flowers in 3-flowered whorls. Male and female flowers 5-parted, with short tube. Stigmas long. Fruit 1 line long.
8. A. Dregei (Sond.); stem erect; branches spreading, minutely downy; leaves opposite, elliptic, ovate or oblong, mucronulate, glabrous, when young minutely downy, rusty beneath, with slightly recurved margins ; flowers tetrandrous, solitary ;, fruit (when young) obovate; mericarps glabrous, punctulate. sii :
Has, Betw. Koussie and Zilverfontein, 2000 ft, Aug. Drege, 3016. (Hb, Sd., D.)
30 RUBIACEZ (Sond.) [ Anthospermum.
A foot or more high, with a long, nearly simple, woody root. Twigs reddish or brown. Internodes longer than the leaves. Stipules very small. Leaves shortly petiolate, 3-4 lines long, 2 lines broad. Corolla with a short tube. Anthers linear, white. Stigmas long, hairy. Ripe fruit unknown.
9. A. hirtum (Cruse! Diss. p. 11); stem erect; branches erect- spreading, hairy as well as the leaves at the base ; leaves opposite, lan- ceolate, acute, ciliated when young ; stipules simple, subulate; flowers solitary or 2—5 aggregated, axillary, pentandrous; fruit obovate; meri- carps roundish outside, glabrous, papillate. #.Z. 2311. A. ciliare, a et 2, mas. herb. Thunb. non fem. A. rubiaceum, Reichb.! in Spreng. syst. 4, p. 338. Herb. Un. Itin.n.29. A. lanceolatum, Sieb.! fl. cap. n. 90. A. hirsutum, DC. prod. 4, p. 580.
Has, Mountains near Capetown, Bergius, Ecklon, Sieber, W. H. H. Piquetberg, Drege, 7677. Sept.—Jan. (Herb. Th., Sd., D.)
Stem 1-2 feet, purplish brown, branched. Leaves 1 inch long, 1-2 lines broad, acute or acuminate, with slightly recurved margins, pale or whitish beneath. Stipules 1 line long. Flowers hairy outside. Tube of the corolla shorter than the lobes. Female flower solitary, Fruit 1 line long, destitute of the calycine limb.
10. A. lanceolatum (Thunb. prodr. p. 32); stem procumbent or erect, much branched; branches glabrous or downy; leaves opposite, lanceo- late, acute, glabrous, or puberulous; stipules 2-4-parted, lobes subulate; flowers axillary, subverticillate, 4—5-androus ; fruit obovate-oblong ; mericarps convex at back, glabrous, or papillate. Thunb. herb. «a, et 8, non y. Cruse! Diss. p. 12, E. Z. 2310. A. herbaceum, L. fil. Suppl. p. 440, A. nodosum, E. Mey.
- Var. 8, latifolium; branches downy or densely hairy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, mostly rusty beneath, downy, at length glabrous; fruit papillate. A. latifoliwm, E Mey. A. ferrugineum, E. Z.! 2309. _ Has, Cape dist., Thunb. Sieber, 239; Kleinfontein, Mundt, § Maire ; Kiynriviers- berg, and in distr. Uitenhage, #. Z. ; Plettenberg Bay, Dr. Pappe ; Howisonspoort, H. Hutton; Natal, Drege. Van. 8. in dist. Uit., Albany, and in Caffraria, BE. § Z., Zeyh. 2716, ex parte ; near Natal, Drege, Gueinzius, 468. Oct. (Herb. Th., Sd., D.) Stem 1-3 feet; as well as the branches, reddish-brown. Leaves sessile, 1-14 inch long, 2-3 lines long, in var. 8, }-1 inch long, about 4 lines broad, with slightly re- curved margins, acute or acuminate, paler beneath, in var. 8, on the under side with brown resinous dots. Corolla with conical tube, and lanceolate-linear lobes. An- thers oblong. Fruit 1 line long. Very similar to A. hirtum, of which it has the habit and foliage; but the stipules are very different, and the leaves somewhat broader. In this species I often found female flowers on the lower twigs.
11. A hedyotideum (Sond.); perennial; stems short, simple, or a little branched, as well as the leaves, minutely downy ; leaves opposite, ovate, acute, or ovate-lanceolate, with revolute margins ; stipules 3-fid, the lateral lobes smaller; flowers solitary, tetrandrous; fruit elliptic; meri-
carps convex at the back, minutely papillate ; limb of calyx nearly obsolete,
Has. Kreili’s Country, Caffraria, H. Bowker; Keiskamma, Drege. (Herb. D., Sd.)
Stems many from the root, 3-4 inches high. Petiole nearly 1 line long. Leaves at length su! rous, acute at both ends, pale and with some lateral veins beneath. 4-6 lines long, 2 lines broad. ules small. Calyx minute, 4-toothed. Lobes of the Pree am than the tube. Fruit 1 line long, the mericarps usually with a line on the
Anthospermum. | RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 31
12. A. paniculatum (Cruse! Diss. p. 15, t. 1, f£ 2); stem erect, branched from the base, branches downy ; leaves ‘opposite, linear-sub- spathulate ; stipules short, simple; flowers panicled, tetrandrous ; fruit obovate; mericarps 3- -ribbed, glabrous, #.2Z. 2314. A. Aithiopicum, jem. herb. Thunb.
Has. Houtniquas and Hanglip, Mundt and Maire ; Winterhoeksberg, Kraka- kamma and Stadensriviersberg, Uit., Grahamstown, and in Caffraria, F. § 2, Zeyh. 2715; Howisonspoort, H. Hutton. Oct.Jul. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd.)
Root woody. Stem 1-1} ft.; branches reddish, very leafy. Leaves aggregate, quite glabrous, with revolute margins, narrowed at base, 4~5 lines long, 3 line broad. Panicle terminal, narrow, 2-6 inches long. Flowers divecious, but in a few speci- mens I observed polygamous flowers. Corolla with linear- lanceolate lobes longer than the short tube, Fruit about 2 lines long, crowned by the 4 erect, acute, caly- cine lobes.
13. A. calycophyllum (Sond.) ; stem shrubby, erect, branched ; twigs pubescent ; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, glabrous; flowers hermaphrodite, pentandrous, disposed in a short, terminal spike; calyx 5-toothed, teeth unequal, 4 very minute ; fruit elliptic-oblong, downy; mericarps convex at back, one of them tipped by the large leafy calycine lobe.
ae Ra berg, Burke and Zeyher; Natal, Dr. Sutherland, J. Sanderson,
er
( One or staal: feet high, much branched. Stipules minute, simple, subulate. Leaves 4-5 lines long, 13-2 lines broad, coriaceous, acute, with slightly revolute margins. Terminal spike about 4 inch long, the flowers mostly geminate on very short pedicels, in the axils of the soon deciduous, ciliate leaves. Fl. hermaphrodite, rarely polygamous. Four of the calyx-teeth nearly obsolete, the fifth expanded to a leaf. Tube of the corolla twice longer than the lobes. Anthers oblong. Roo elongated. Fruit 1 line long. The leafy calyx-lobes oblong, acute, equalling or little longer than the easily separated mericarps.
14. A. pumilum (Sond.) ; perennial; stems numerous, erect, simple minutely downy; leaves opposite, erect, linear-lanceolate, bluntish, cili- olate-scabrous on the revolute margins ; stipules simple ; flowers herma- phrodite, tetrandrous, axillary, solitary or geminate ; anthers ob/ong ; fruit obcordate ; mericarps convex at the back, glabrous, shining.
Has. Caledon River, Zeyher. Jan. Bde}: a saa ae with the habit of 4. . _ Leaves 2-3 lines long, aggre- convex above e revi margins. small; calyx -toothed, sy eu Fruit 1 line long; aasierpe crowned by the minute or rudimentary ; ealyx-teeth.
15. A. rigidum (E. Z.! n. 2315); suffruticose ; stems erect, woody, much branched ; branches minutely downy ; leaves opposite, spreading, linear-lanceolate, acute, a little scabrous, with revolute margins; stipules simple ; flowers polygamous, tetrandrous, axillary, aggregate ; corolla glabrous outside; anthers linear ; fruit obovate-oblong ; mericarps con- eth at back, glabrous, minutely punctate, crowned by the minute calysc-
_ Hap. Karroo, near the Gauritzriver, Swell., E.G Z.3 Nieuwejaars-pruit, between
Garip and Caledonriver, at the foot of the Wit ergen, Zeyh. Oct.—_Dec. (Herb, Sd.) Root thick, woody, ‘about 1 foot long, simple.
Leaves 4-6 lines long, about $ of a line pointed, shining above. Flowers
2—5-together. Calyx minute, equal. Corolla white, lo lobe. about as long as the tube.
Stigmas long, ee Fruit 1 line long.
32 RUBIACEE (Sond.) [ Carpacoce.
16. A. Ecklonis poe) ; shrubby; stem erect; branches and leaves pubescent-scabrous ; leaves opposite, reflewed, lanceolate or oblong-lanceo- late, mucronulate, with slightly recurved margins, whitish beneath ; stipules simple; flowers hermaphrodite, tetrandrous, axillary, subaggre- gated ; corolla scabrous-hairy outside; anthers linear; fruit obovate ; mericarps convex on the back, glabrous, destitute of calycine limb.
Has. On the Olifantriver and near Villa Brakfontein, Clanw., Ecklon. (Herb., Sd.)
Several feet high. Leaves 6 lines long, 1-1} line broad. Flowers white. Calyx minute, equal. Calyx-lobes longer than the tube. Fruit 1 line long.
17. A. Lichtensteinii (Cruse! Diss. p. 15) ; stem erect, branched ; branches erect, downy at top; leaves opposite, linear, acute, keeled, cili- ated ; stipules simple, ciliated ; flowers hermaphrodite, tetrandrous, axillary, whorled; style very short ; stigmas long, hairy; fruit oblong ; mericarps hairy. ILann. 6, p. 16. E. Z. 2316. Spermacoce ericeefolia, Lichtst. in R. & Sch. syst. veg. 3, p. 281.
Has. Sandy places near Capetown and in Hottentottsholland, Lichtenstein, B.§ Z. Drege. Nov.—Dec. (Herb. Sd.)
Shrub, 1 or 2 ft., with glabrous, slender, terete branches, naked at the base. In- ternodes about as long as the leaves. Stipules minute. Leaves 2-3 lines long in the axils, with some smaller or equal leaves. Flowers 2-5, verticillate. Calyx with 4 or § short, acute teeth. Limb of corolla longer than the tube. Stigmas long, hairy. Fruit 1} line long; mericarps convex at back, densely clothed with white, short hairs; the commissure a little concave. One of the mericarps is often abortive ; the fertile cell separated from the sterile by a deeply bi-parted spinule.
18. A. Crocyllis (Sond.) ; stem erect; branches spreading, glabrous, minutely downy at top; leaves opposite, linear, obtuse, fleshy, glabrous ; stipules minute, bifid ; flowers hermaphrodite, pentandrous, paniculate; style bifid from the middle, stigmas papillate; fruit (when young) obo- vate ; mericarps hirsute. Crocyllis anthospermoides, E, Meyer.
Has. Stony places near Verleptpram on the Garip, Drege; Namaqualand, A. Wyley. Sept. (Herb. Sd., D.) = %
At first sight known from A. Lichtensteinii by the white, spreading branches and panicled inflorescence. Seemingly a large shrub. Leaves 3-6 lines long, about 1 line broad, a little convex above, sulcate beneath, solitary or tufted, the ultimate short branches forming a cymose panicle. Flowers 2 lines long ; calyx 5-fid, with acute lobes ; corolla appressed-hairy outside ; tube conical, about as long as the lanceolate lobes. Anthers linear. Ovary didymous, clothed with long, white hairs, 2-celled ; cells t-ovuled. Style glabrous ; the spreading stigmas sub-exserted. Ripe fruit unknown.—Perhaps to be separated from Anthospermum, as a distinct genus ?
XXI. CARPACOCE, Sond.
Flowers polygamous; hermaphrodite and male on the same plant. Herm. Fl.: Calyx 5-fid; lobes subulate, persistent, equal or 1 longer. Corolla funnel-shaped, tube short, limb 5-parted, lobes spreading, linear- lanceolate, with a reversed tooth above the thick-pointed apex. Stamens 5, inserted in the tube ; filaments capillary; anthers linear-oblong. Ovary cuneate, 2-celled, 2-ovuled. Style very short, terminated by a very long, hairy stigma. J ruwit crowned by the calyx, 2-seeded, didymons, easily separated when ripe ; or 1-seeded by abortion. Seeds obovate or oblong, affixed atthe base. Commissure subconcave. Albumen subcartil- aginous. Male flowers: Calyzx as in the hermaphrodite flower. Corolla
.
Ambraria. | RUBIACEH (Sond.) 33
tubular, 5-toothed. Stamens 5. Style none.—Anthospermi spec. auct. Small shrubs. Stems branched. Leaves opposite, linear or lanceolate. Stipules
adhering to the petioles at the base. Flowers axillary, solitary, bracteated.—Name
from xapmos, fruit, and akwxy, a point, in allusion to the fruit being terminated by
the calycine point.
Calyx-lobes equal, subulate. Fr. 2-seeded. Lvs. linear ...... (1) scabra.
Cal.-lobes uneq., 1 much longer. Fr. 1-seeded. Lys. lanceolate (2) spermacocea.
1. C. scabra (Sond.); stems much branched, branches minutely downy at top; leaves opposite, linear, subtrigonal, acuminated, scabrous on the margins and keel; flowers axillary, sessile; fruit crowned by the subulate, calycine limb. Anthospermum scabrum. Thunb.! Fl. Cap. 158. Cruse! diss.p.14. H. Z./ n. 2313.
Has, Mountains near Capetown, Thunbd., Bergius ; Middelenfontain, Mundt and Maire; Hott.-holld. and Van Stadensbg., EZ. ¢ Z. July—-Sept. (Hb. Th., Sd., D.)
Stem very short; branches slender, erect, 1 foot high. Leaves 3-1 inch long, narrow-linear, with a cartilaginous point, ciliolato-scabrous on the margins, aggre- gate at the top of the branches. Calyx-lobes acuminate, nearly 2 lines long. Lobes of corolla 3-4 times longer than the short tube. Fruit quite glabrous, cuneate, about 1 line long and broad, sub-compressed ; the calyx-lobes spreading, longer than the fruit. Seeds obovate, rugose.
2. C. spermacocea (Sond.); stem herbaceous, flexuous, branched, glabrous, but minutely downy at the apex; leaves opposite, lanceolate, with scabrous margins; stipules entire; flowers axillary, solitary, pedi- cellate, glabrous; fruit crowned by the calycine limb. Anthospermum spermacoceum, Reichb. in Spreng. syst. 4, p. 338. Cruse! Linn. 6, p. 17. EH. Z. . 2312. A. foetidum, Eckl. in Herb. Un. itin. n. 30. Lagotis spermacocea, E. Meyer.
Has. Cape flats ; Table and Devil’s Mts. ; near Zwellendam, and in Caledon, £. Z. ; Dutoitskloof, Drege. Simon’s Bay, C. Wright, 487. Sept.-Oct. (Herb. D., Sd.)
Habit of Anthosp. lanceolatum. Stem 1 or more feet high, erect or decumbent, rather angular. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, with incurved point, paler beneath. Stipules pilose, cleft into bristles. Peduncles 3-6 lines long. Calyx 1 line long, nearly cylindrical; one of the lobes nearly 3-4 times longer than the others, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. Tube of corolla short; lobes lanceolate. Fruit conical or subcylindrical, 2-celled, but 1 cell always abortive, minute.
XXIL AMBRARIA, Cruse.
Flowers dicecious, exactly as in Anthospermum. Capsule indehiscent, pseudo-3-locular, the intermediate cell vacant, the lateral ones 1-seeded, or 4-locular ; 2 of the cells fertile, 1-seeded. Cruse dissert. Rub. Cap. p.16,t.1,£3&4. Nenax,Gertn. de fruct. et sem. pl. 1, p. 165, t. Xxxii. f.7,
Small shrubs, with linear leaves and axillary flowers.—Name derived from Cape Ambra? in Madagascar.
Fruit glabrous. Leaves linear, ciliate, ternately verticillate .. : (1) glabra. Leaves linear, glabrous, opposite ... 0... +. ++. +++ =» (2) acerosa, Leaves (minute) ovate, acute, glabrous, verticillate ... ... (3) microphylla. Fruit tomentose 23.0 ase eee eee se Ct. «=(4) Hirt
1. A. glabra (Cruse! 1 c. p. 17, t. 1, f. 3) ; stem ascending or sub- erect ; branches quadrangular, glabrous; leaves 6-12 in a whorl, con-
VOL. II. 3
34 RUBIACEZ (Sond.) | Rubia
nate at base, linear, acute, subtriquetrous, margins and keel ciliated ; fruit obovately subglobose, glabrous. Linnea 6, p. 18. #. Z.! . 2317. Var. B. Tulbaghica ; branches virgate; fruit elliptic-oblong. Var. y. papillata; fruit small, subglobose, papillate. Has. Cape flats; var. 8. near Waterfall, Tulbagh. Nov.—Dec. (Herb. Sd., D.) Stem branched, 1-2 feet high ; young branches reddish, shining. Leaves flat above, keeled beneath, 3-6 lines long, 4-1 line broad. Stipules obtuse, not toothed. Fl. very small, axillary, subverticillate. Calyx 4-, rarely 5-toothed. Fruit 3- or 4- locular, variable in size, usually 2 lines long, subangular, in some specimens only 1
line long, nearly globose ; in var. 8. 24 lines long, obsoletely angular, crowned by the short, acute or obtuse calycine limb.
2. A. acerosa (Sond.) ; stem erect, much branched; branches terete, glabrous ; leaves opposite, linear, subtriquetrous, quite glabrous; fruit elliptical, glabrous. Nenax acerosa, EL. Z. 2319+
Has. Stony places near Tulbaghskloof, Worcester. Sept. #. Z. (Herb. Sd.)
An erect greyish shrub, very different in habit from A. glabra. Ultimate branches very short. Leaves spreading, 2-3 lines long, 4 line broad, acute. Male flowers tetrandrous, exactly as in Anthospermum. Female flowers with long, hairy stigmas. Fruit 2 lines long, obsoletely angular, 4-locular, terminated by the nearly obsolete calyx-teeth.
3. A. microphylla (Sond.); stem woody, with short, glabrous, at length subspinous branches ; leaves sessile, whorled, ovate-acute, sub- concave above, nerve-keeled beneath, glabrous; fruit globose, glabrous ; 4-locular.
Has. Rocky places; Sandriver, Zeyh. 769. Burke, 506. Jan. (Herb. Sd., D.)
_ A dwarf, grey shrub, with numerous short branches. Leaves spreading, recurved, 4-1 line long, fleshy, carinate or concave above, a little scabrous on the margins.
Flowers very small, axillary, sessile. Stigmas very long, hairy. Fruit red, about 1 line in diameter, 4-celled, 2 cells sterile.
4. A. hirta (Cruse! Diss. p. 17, t.1,f2); stem woody, much-branched, densely hairy at top; leaves 3 ina whorl, linear, acute, subtriquetrous, margins and keel ciliated; fruit obovate or subglobose, tomentose, 3—4- locular. Linn. 6, p. 19. #. §& Z. 2318.
Var. 8. macrocarpa (E. & Z. 1. c.); leaves longer and fruit larger.
Has. Devil’s Mt. near Drieankerbay, Bergius; mts. near Capetown and near the cataract of Worcester, L. § Z.; var. B. on Breederiver, Mundt; Bosjesveld on the Doornriver, Drege. Sept.-Oct. (Herb. D. Sd.)
Shrub about 1 foot high. Branches numerous from the base, with short branchlets at top. Leaves much aggregated in the axils of the verticils, 2-3 lines, in var. 8. 3-5 lines long, equalling the internodes. Flowers 3-6, verticillate-spiked. Calyx 4-5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, Stamens exserted. Stigmas very long, hairy. Fruit 1-14 lines, in var. 6. 2-2} lines long, obsoletely angular, crowned by the acute, nearly glabrous calycine limb,
Drege’s No. 7660, 7661, 7664, 7665 cannot be satisfactorily determined. No. 1144, of which the ripe fruit is wanting, seems to be a very distinct species.
XXIII. RUBIA, Linn.
Calyx-tube ovyate-globose ; limb 4-toothed. Corolla 4-5-parted, ro- tate. Stamens 4-5, short. Styles 2, short. Fruit didymous, nearly globose, baceate, juicy. Zam. ill. t. 60. DU. prod. 4, p. 588.
*
Galium. | RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 35
Herbs or sub-shrubs. Stems diffuse, much branched, tetragonal. Leaves oppo- site, usually furnished with 1-2, rarely 3-4, stipules on both sides, which are very like the leaves, forming 4-10-leaved whorls. Flowers small, greenish-white or pale- yellow. Berries black, rarely red or white.— Name from ruber, red ; in allusion to the red colour of the roots, which yield the dye called Madder.
Leaves petioled, membranaceous, cordate-acuminate ... ... ... (1) cordifolia. Leaves petioled, subcoriaceous, cordate-acute ... ... ... ... ... (2) petiolaris. Leaves sessile, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, coriaceous... (3) peregrina.
1. R. cordifolia (Linn. mant. p. 197); leaves 4 in a whorl, petiolate, cordate-acuminate, 5-nerved, membranous, beset with prickles on the middle nerve, margins, petioles, and angles of stems; panicle longer than the leaves ; flowers tetramerous or pentamerous, R. cordifolia, et mun- jista, DC. l. c. p. 588. R. petiolaris, H. Z. n. 2320, ex pte. Drege, 7669.
Has. In Caffraria, £. § Z.; Drege. Natal, Drege, Gueinzius, 405, Gerr. ¢ WK. 561, 562, Krauss. Dec. (Herb. D., Sd.)
Stem several feet long. Larger leaves 1-14 inch long, 7-1 inch broad, not cori- aceous, much veined. Panicle 3-4 inches long, trichotomous. Lobes of corolla ovate-acuminate. Berries black.
2. R. petiolaris (DC. 1. c. p. 588) ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, petiolate, cordate, acute, 3-nerved, or the upper ones oblong-lanceolate, I-nerved,
rather coriaceous, beset with prickles on the middle nerve, margins, pe- tioles and angles of stem; panicle abbreviate ; flowers tetramerous or pentamerous,
Var. a. isophylla; all the leaves cordate-acute. R. cordifolia, Thunb. / fl. cap. p. 151, non Lin. Zeyh. n. 2721. R. petiolaris, E. Z. ex pte.
Var. 8. heterophylla; lower leaves cordate, upper ones oblong-lanceolate or lan- ceolate. R. petiolaris, DC. l. C.
Has. Among shrubs on the sea shore near Algoa Bay, Port Elizabeth, and at the mouth of the Vanstadensrivier, Thunb. E. § Z. Drege. Dec. Var. B. on the great Vetriver, Burke § Zeyh. 774. March. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd.
Stem ascending, about 1 foot—in Var. B. apparently 2 feet and more high, much branched, Leaves serrato-scabrous, 4—6 lines long, 3~5 lines broad, the upper ones in var. 8B. 3-1 inch long, 1-1} lines broad. Petioles the length of the leaves or longer, tetragonal. Panicle mostly few-flowered, in var. 8. more ; the Ls ga us, spreading. Flowers as in R. cordifolia. Berries black. —It is
from the by much smaller, coriaceous, not wringer waat avis and a different habit.
3. RB. peregrina (Lin. Spec. p. 158) ; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, perma- nent, sessile, /anceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 1-nerved, veinless, shining above, smooth, but scabrous from hooked prickles on the margins and along ‘the angles of the stem; peduncles axillary, 3-chotomous. ngl. Bot. t. 851. R. anglica, Huds. R. lucida, Linn. R. levis, Thunb. A. cap. p. 151. R. lucida, var. 8. herb. Thunb.
Has. Cape, Thunbderg. (Introduced from Europe.)
XXIV. GALIUM, Scop.
Calyx with an ovate-globose or oblong tube, and hardly any limb. Corolla 4-parted, rotate, rarely 3-parted. Stamens 4, short. Styles 2, short. Fruit didymous, roundish, rarely oblong, dry, compone of 2 indehiscent 1-seeded mericarps. DC. prodr. 4, p. 593.
5
36 RUBIACEH (Sond.) [Galium.
Branched herbs. Leaves forming whorls along with the leaf-like stipules. In- florescence variable. Name from ‘yada, milk; some species are used for curdling milks.
1, Annual (a weed of cultivation) ... ... ... ... ... ... (10) Aparine, 2, Perennials. Fruit glabrous, granulated
Pedicels very long, villous ... ... ... .. ... «. (13) tomentosum. Pedicels short. quite glabrous... (11) glabrum.
branches and peduncles densely hairy ...... (12) asperum. Fruit smooth, glabrous or hairy, hairs not hooked. Stem or branches smooth or hispid, not prickly. Flowers solitary, subsessile ... 2... 1... 0... Flowers peduncled. Stem and lanceolate lvs. villous; fruit glabrous (2) monticolum. Stem, lin-lanceolate leaves and fr. glabrous (or GOWDY) nn, one es nee tee nee tee’ eee GB) Capen. Stem, oblong lvs., pedicels and fruit densely hairy (9) Stem, lanc. lvs. and fr. hairy; pedicels glabrous (8) Dregeanum. Stem or branches scabrous or serrated by reflex prickles. : Leaves linear, subtriquetrous ; flowers panicled (6) horridum. Leaves lanceolate ; peduncles solitary, 2-flowered (7) mucronifernm. Fruit hispid, with hooked hairs or bristles. Leaves linear :
(1) Amatymbicum,
Stem eréet; downy = 2 tees = (4) Wittbergense. Stem climbing, weak, glabrous ... ... --. +. (5) Garipense. Leaves roundish-ovate ... 0. ss. ++ ++ (14) rotundifolium.
1. G. Amatymbicum (E. & Z.! n. 2328); whole plant hispid; stems cxspitose, diffuse, filiform, 4-sided, much branched ; leaves 6 ina whorl, lanceolate, acute; peduncles axillary, solitary, very short; fruit hispid.
Has. Acacia fields near the Key R., Tambukiland, #. 4 Z. Dec. (Hb. D., Sd.)
A small prostrate herb, with the habit of G. helveticum. Leaves 2-3 lines long,
acute at both ends, ciliate-hairy. Peduncle 3 line long, in fruit recurved. Flowers white. Fr. densely hispid, 4 line in diameter.
2. G. monticolum (Sond.); stem erect, branched, 4-sided, villous ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, mucronate, nearly terete by the revolute margins, villous on both sides; peduncles axillary and terminal, 1- or few- flowered ; corollas and fruit glabrous.
Has. Mountains near Capetown, Ecklon. (Herb. Sd.)
Habit of G. maritimum, L., and agreeing in the pubescence and leaves, but differing by glabrous pedicels, fl., and fr. ; branches 2 inches long, with very short lateral branchlets, bearing the flowers. Leaves 3~4 lines long, reflexed, with incurved tips. Fl. very small, pedicels 1 line long.
3. G. Capense (Thunb.! Prod. p. 30); stem ascending or erect, downy or subscabrous, branched ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, linear-lanceo- late or linear, mucronate, quite glabrous, rarely ciliolate on the revolute margins ; peduncles lateral, 1-3-flowered ; floriferous branches panicled ; fruit glabrous, smooth, or a little downy. G. expansum, E. Z., 2326, ex pte., H, Mey. in herb. Dreg.
Vaz. 8. minus; stems ascending, short, weak. G. mucronatum, Thunb./ I. ¢. Zeyh. 773, ex pte. ;
Vas. y. expansum; stem glabrous, downy or subscabrous ; panicle larger ; fruit glabrous or a little downy. _G. expansum, Thunb,! ke ok Za Prag mucronatum, E. Z. 2327. Drege, 7675, 7678, 7680, 7681, 7685. Zeyh. 1773, ex pte.
Galiwm.| RUBIACEE (Sond.) 37
Var. 8. setabrum; stem, branches and leaves scabrous-hairy ; fruit a little downy. G. Namaquense, E. Z.! 2322. Drege, 7682, 7683.
Hak. Sandy spots, and on mts. throughout the colony. Var. 3. high mts, near Heerelogement, Clanw., #. § Z., Drege. Sept—Dec. (Herb. Thunb., Sd., D.)
Polymorphous ; var. a. resembling @, sawatile, var. B. G. uliginoswm. Stems from 4-2 feet high, often numerous from the perennial roots ; sometimes terete at the very base, but usually 4-sided as well as the mostly simple branches. Leaves 4-6 lines long, about 4 line broad, spreading or reflexed. The axillary inflorescence longer than the leaves, Flowers white. Fruit very small.
4. G. Wittbergense (Sond.); stem erect; branches spreading, downy; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, erect-spreading, linear, mucronate, glabrous, ciliate-scabrous on the revolute margins ; peduncles axillary, solitary, cymose-tripartite; cyme equalling the leaves; fruit hispid, with hooked hairs.
Has. Rocky, wet places in the Wittbergen, 6-7o00 ft. Jan. Drege. (Herb. Sd.)
Very like G. Capense; differing by cymose peduncle and hispid fruit. Lower branches } foot long. Leaves 5-6 lines long, with a longish mucro, peduncle at the apex 3-parted, bracteated, the pedicels bifid. Fruit very small, didymous.
5. G. Garipense (Sond.); stem climbing, much-branched, 4-sided, as well as the branches quite glabrous, smooth or a little scabrous from scattered, reversed, minute prickles; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, much spreading or reflexed, linear, mucronate, glabrous; peduncles axillary, solitary, cymose-tripartite, 2-3 times longer than the leaves; fruit hispid with hooked hairs.
Has. On the Garip near Buffelvallei, 4000 ft. Dec. Drege; Buffaloeriver, Gerr. § M‘K. (Herb. D., Sd.)
Habit of G. wliginosum ; prickles on the stem and branches very minute, sometimes wanting. Leaves shorter than the internodes, 3-4 lines long, 4 line broad. Peduncles and divaricate pedicels with 1 or 2 leafy bracts. Fruit as in the preceding, from which this species is distinguished by the more diffuse habit, glabrous, often prickly stem, smaller spreading or reflexed smooth leaves, and longer cymes,
6. G. horridum (Thunb.! Fl. Cap. p. 152); stem erect, 4—6-sided, prickly along the angles ; leaves 8 or more in a whorl, elongated-linear, subtriquetous, reflexed, serrated from reversed prickles on the margius and keel ; panicle axillary, elongate, trichotomous ; fruit glabrous.
Has. Cape, Massonin herb. Thunb.; Port Natal, Gerr. § M‘K.1339; Magalisberg, Dec. Zeyh. 771. (Herb. Thunb., Sd., D.)
Like G. Aparine, but is a stronger perennial herb, armed by larger prickles, and easily known by the long 3-angled leaves. Stem at the base nearly as thick as a
’s quill. Leaves 2-4 inches long, 1-1} line broad, channelled above, sharply keeled beneath. Panicle in our specimens 2~4 inches long ; the flower bearing pedicels 1-2 lines long. Flowers glabrous. Ripe fruit didymous, about 14 line in diameter.
7. G. mucroniferum (Sond.); stem erect or ascending, 4-sided, glabrous, prickled on the angles ; leaves 6 in a whorl, lanceolate, with a longish muero, prickly along the margins, shining ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 2-flowered; pedicels as long as the peduncle, and fruit glabrous, G. mucronatum, E. Mey. non Thunb. Drege, 7677, 7684, 7686, 7689.
Has. Wet rocky places, near Gnadenthal, Dutoitskloof, Drege; in Caffraria, E. Z. Oct._Jan. (Herb. D., Sd.) f Stems 4~1} foot, minutely prickled. Internodes as long or longer than the leaves,
| a
38 RUBIACEZ (Sond.) [Galvwm.
shining. Leaves 4-5 lines long, 1 line broad, with recurved prickles on margins and
middle nerve. Pedune. and pedicels capillary, bracteated at the division. Flowers glabrous. Ripe fruit the size of a small peppercorn, shining; one of the mericarps often abortive. It varies with downy ovaries.
§. G. Dregeanum (Sond.); stem erect, 4-sided, densely beset with spreading hairs, at length subscabrous; leaves 8 in a whorl, linear- lanceolate, mucronate, ciliate-hairy on both sides, with revolute margins; peduncles axillary, solitary, 2-flowered ; pedicels about as long as the peduncles, glabrous ; fruit hispidulous.
Has. Dutoitskloof, Drege, 7688. (Herb. D., Sd.)
Very similar to G. mucroniferum, but more robust, and well distinguished by the
hirsute stem and hairy, more revolute, leaves. Peduncles as long as the leaves or longer. Fruit didymous.
9. G. subvillosum (Sond.) ; stem ascending, 4-sided, densely beset with short, spreading hairs, subscabrous when old; leaves 6 in a whorl, oblong, obtuse, mucronate, ciliate-hairy on both sides, with recurved margins ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 3-flowered ; pedicels as long as the peduncle or shorter, hairy, as well as the young fruit.
Has. Dutoitskloof, 1-2000 ft. Oct.Jan. Drege, 7687. (Herb. Sd.)
Of this I have only seen a single specimen. It resembles exactly @. villosum, Lam. Leaves 3 lines long, 1 line broad, with short recurved mucro, peduncles equal-
ling the leaves, sometimes longer, with a leafy bract at top; pedicels 2-6 lines long, spreading, hairy. Ripe fruit unknown.
10, G. Aparine (L. Spec. p. 157) ; annual; stems weak, 4-sided, sca- brous from reversed prickles ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, apiculate, r-nerved, scabrous from reversed prickles along the margins and keel; peduncles axillary, simple and bifid, sometimes panicled, scabrous ; fruit didymously globose, very hispid from hooked bristles. Engl. bot. 816. G. horridum, E. Z.! 2329, non Thunb. Drege, 7670, 7673. “eyh. 2722, 2723, 2724.
Has. Shady places near Capetown, and throughout the Colony. Sept.—Oct. (Herb. Sd., D.)
“Common cleavers” or “ goose-grass.” Stem climbing, villous or scabrous at the nodes, Leaves sometimes larger, obovate-lanceolate. Fl. white or greenish. The
small specimens from Hassaquaskloof, Zeyh. 2722, agree perfectly with G. tenerum, Schleich. from Switzerland. (Probably introduced from Europe. |
11. G. glabrum (Thunb.! FI. Cap. p. 152); stem erect, flexuous, te- tragonal, glabrous, prickly along the angles; leaves 6 in a whorl, obo- vate-oblong, shortly-pointed, glabrous, serrated by reversed prickles along the margin ; peduncles capillary, glabrous, terminal and lateral, panicled. #.Z./ 2325. G. uncinatum, Licht. Bart.et Wendl. Beyt.2, p.12.
Has. In woods, Duyvelsbosch and Voormannsbosch, near Puspas valley, Swell., E. § Z.; Buffeljagdrivier, Zeyh. 2725. Oct. (Herb. Thunb., Sd.)
Stem 2 ft. and more, alternately branched, resembling G. sylvaticum, L. Leaves 8-12 lines long, 4 lines broad, minutely punctate, obtuse, with short mucro-like point. Peduncles longer than the leaves. Fl. small, white. Fr. 1 line long, densely granulated.
_ 12. G. asperum (Thunb.! Fl. Cap. p. 152); stem erect, flexuous, 4- sided, as well as the branches and peduncles, densely clothed with white
VALERIANE (Sond.) 39
hairs, the old stems sub-glabrous and scabrous along the angles ; leaves 6 in a whorl, obovate-oblong, mucronate, glabrous, serrated by reversed prickles on the margins; peduncles capillary, terminal and lateral, dis- posed in a panicle ; pedicels 2-4 times longer than the flower. E. Z.! 2323. G. tomentosum, E. Meyer, var.
Has. Among shrubs in Stellenbosch, Worcester, Swellendam, and Uitenhage, Thunb. E. § Z.; Drege, 7671, 7672; Namaqualand, 4. Wyley. Oct.Jan. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd.)
Nearly intermediate between G. glabrum and the following, differing from the first by the densely hairy branches and panicle, from G@. tomentosum by the short pedicels. In some of the larger specimens the lower part is quite glabrous, but the branches and peduncles are clothed with short, usually reversed hairs, Flowers glabrous, white. Fruit as in @. glabrum.
13. G. tomentosum (Thunb.! Fl. Cap. p. 151); stem climbing, 4- sided, much branched, with the angles scabrous, hairy, or glabrous and prickled ; upper branches densely clothed with white hairs; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, obovate, or obovate-oblong, glabrous, prickled on the mar- gins; peduncles dichotomous, capillary, villous, forming a large panicle; pedicels elongated, 10~20 times a than the flower. E.Z.! 2324. G. maritinum, Thunb. Prodr., not of Linn. G. asperum, var. B. villosum, E. Z. 2323. Zeyh. 2720. :
Has. Among shrubs, through the colony. Oct—Jan. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd.)
Well distinguished by the long (1 inch and more) villous pedicels. Leaves smaller than in G. asperum, 5-6 lines long, 2 lines broad. Fl. glabrous. Fr. 1 line in diam.
14. G. rotundifolium (Linn. Spec. p. 156); stem diffuse, glabrous or hispid; leaves 4 in a whorl, roundish-ovate, 3-nerved, ciliated ; pedun- cles axillary and terminal, loose, elongated, naked, trichotomous at the apex ; fruit nearly globose, beset with hooked bristles. Boece. Sic. t. 6, f. 1. Jacg. Astr.t.94. G. Thunbergianum, E. Z, 2321.
Var. 8. hirsutum; stems, leaves, and peduncles densely hairy. G. rotundifolium, Thunb. fl. aap. p. 153.
Has. Mountains; Katriviersberg, 2. ¢ Z.; Dornkop near Vetrivier, Zeyh. 772. Natal, Gerr. ¢ MWK. 1338. Var. 8. Masson in herb. Thunb. Feb.-March. (Herb. pa rong abun Ge Sbicedh, + Sook high glabrous or hispid ee ie
7 : 0; . ves long, 3-5 lines broad. Fl. white Set, «5: ¥ aatehind cay diftcalie bateroen the South African and European plants. , :
Orper LXXIV. VALERIANEZ, DC. (By W. Sonper).
Flowers mostly bisexual. Calyx-tube adnate ; limb 3-4-toothed, often enlarged after flowering. Corolla epigynous, tubular, usually 5-, rarely 3—4-lobed, subunequal, the lobes obtuse, imbricate in bud. Stamens 1- 5, inserted in the tube, alternate with the lobes of the corolla; anthers separate, 2-celled, introrse. Ovary inferior, 1-3-celled; ovules solitary, pendulous ; style filiform. Frwt dry (like an achene), crowned with the often enlarged calyx-limb, 1-3-celled ; 2 cells abortive. Seed pen- dulous. Embryo straight, without albumen.
40 VALERIANE (Sond.) [ Valerianella.
Herbaceous, rarely half-shrubby plants, with opposite, often cut or pinnatisect, exstipulate leaves. Flowers in cymes or fascicles, or solitary in the forks of the branches, small, A small Order, chiefly from the temperate zones of both hemi- spheres ; abundant in the Andean region of South America.
TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA. I. Valerianella,—Calyx small, unequally toothed, crowning the fruit. TI. Valeriana.—Calyx a thickened margin, crowning the ovary, at length unfold- ing into a feathery pappus.
I. VALERIANELLA, Poll.
Limb of calyx toothed. Corolla regular, 5-lobed. Stamens 3. Stigma almost undivided, or trifid. Frwit 3-celled, rather membranous, gene- rally 2 of the cells fertile. Pollich palat. 1, 29. Endl. gen. 2181.
Annuals, Stems dichotomous at the top. Leaves oblong or linear, undivided or toothed, or the upper ones pinnatifid. Flowers solitary in the forks, or in fascicles
or corymbs, bracteate, small, white, rarely rose-coloured.—Name, a diminution of Valeriana. *
1, V. eriocarpa (Desv. Journ. Bot. 2, p. 314, t. 11, f. 2)’; fruit ovate, obsoletely ribbed, convex at back, and flattish in front ; limb of calyx as broad as the fruit, campanulate, obliquely truncate, reticulate-veined, minutely 6-8-toothed ; flowers densely corymbose. Koch, Syn. ed. 2, 372. Reichb, won. fl. germ. 1406, t. 713. Fedia campanulata, Presl, sic. 11,
Has. Near Grootvadersbosch, Oct. Zeyh. 2726. (Herb. Sd.)
4 inches to 1 foot high, downy; branches spreading. Leaves spathulate, entire. Corymbs nearly capitate. Flowers very small. Limb of calyx erect. Fruit hispid, or glabrous at the base. The 2 abortive cells in the front of the fruit form 2 project- ing lines or ribs; the perfect cell is terminated by the broad, acute tooth.
II, VALERIANA, Linn. :
Limb of calyx involute at the time of flowering, but at length un- folding into a deciduous pappus, composed of many plumose bristles. Corolla monopetalous, 5-cleft, gibbous at the base. Stamens 3. Fruit
1-celled and 1-seeded at maturity. JL. gen. 44. DC. prod. 4, p. 632. Endl. gen. 2186.
Herbs or sub-shrubs, Leaves variable even in the same plant. Flowers corym- bose, capitate or panicled, white, rarely blue, rose-coloured or yellow.—Name from valere, to be powerful, on account of the medical virtues of V. officinalis,
_ 1. V.Capensis (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 33); stem erect, striated; leaves imparipinnate; leaflets opposite or alternate, ovate, acute, toothed, the terminal one largest ; corymb panicled ; flowers triandrous. E. Z. 2330.
Has. In kloofs and moist valleys ; distr. of Cape, itenhage and in Caffraria. Dec—Feb. (Herb. D, Sd) are ey
Habit of Vz officinalis. Stem 2-3 feet high, glabrous or hairy on the joints. Leaves with 4-8 pairs of glabrous or pilose leaflets, the odd one ovate or acuminate, 1 inch or more long, the lateral ones gradually smaller. Lower leaves on long foot- stalks, upper ones sessile and with narrower leaflets. Panicle, flowers, and fruit as in V, officinalis,
Cephalaria. | DIPSACEEH (Sond.) 41
Orper LXXV. DIPSACEA, Vaill. (By W. Sonver).
Flowers perfect, crowded in heads, on a common receptacle, surrounded by a general involucre ; each flower also seated in a calyx-like, dry, persistent involucel. Calyx-tube adnate; limb cup-like, subentire or split into several naked or feathery bristles, often enlarged after flower- ing. Corolia epigynous, tubular; limb oblique, somewhat 2-lipped, 4-5-lobed, imbricate in bud. Stamens 4, inserted in the tube, alternate with the lobes of the corolla, two mostly longer ; filaments exserted ; anthers 2-celled, introrse. Ovary inferior, 1-celled ; ovule solitary, pendulous; style filiform; stigma simple. rwéta dry utricle, crowned by the enlarged, persistent calyx-limb, and enclosed in the cup-like involucel. Seed pendulous. Hmbryo straight, in the axis of fleshy albumen.
Herbs or rarely suffrutices, with opposite or whorled, simple, often pinnatisect or lyrate, exstipulate leaves. Pubescence mostly copious, rough or silky. A small Order, chiefly from the warmer parts of the temperate zones; abundant in the Mediterranean region. The type of the Order is Dipsacus, the ‘‘ Teasle,” whose old and prickly flower-heads are used in carding wool.
TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA. i I. Cephalaria.—Jnv. scales imbricate in several rows, shorter than the pale.
Calyx-limb cup-like or discoid.
IT. Scabiosa.—Znv. scales sub-biseriate. Calyz-limb crowned with 5 bristles. 747
: I. CEPHALARIA, Schrad.
Involucre of many imbricated leaves, shorter than the pale. Invo- lucel 4-angled, 8-furrowed, terminated by a 4-8-toothed crown. Limb of calyx rather cup-shaped or discoid. Corolla 4-cleft. Stamens 4. Fruit tetragonal, crowned by the limb of calyx and the involucel. Schrad. Catal. Sem. Hort. Goett. 1814. Scabiosee, spec. Linn, et others. Endl. Gen. n. 2192. ; :
Perennial herbs. Leaves toothed or pinnatifid, rarely entire. Heads of flowers terminal, globose ; palee imbricated, outer ones sterile. Corollas white, cream- si or lilac. Name from kepady, a head, the flowers are disposed in round
Lys. linear, quite entire ... 2... 0 .0. 1. ses see eee eee (1) Lavandulacen.
Lys. oval-oblong, serrated ... ... eet nes wee wee ee (2) Tigi.
Lys, elongate-lanceolate, 3-fid or pinnate; lobes quite entire (3) attenuata,
Lvs. lyrately-pinnatifid or inciso-serrate; lobes toothed ; stem
Rob ADE os ka a a, ee Lys. pinnatifid or bipinnatifid ; lobes linear, incised; stem "28
1. C. lavandulacea (Sond.); glabrous ; stem terete ; leaves linear ; I-nerved, quite entire, with revolute margins ; peduncle elongate ; heads subglobose ; scales of inyolucre ovate, obtuse, ciliate; palee acute ; flowers pubescent, 4-fid.
Has. Houhoeksbergen, Stellenbosch., 1000-3000 ft. July. E ¢Z. (Herb. Sd.) Plant 1 foot or more high, erect or ascending. Leaves sessile, approximate,
42 DIPSACEZ (Sond.) [ Cephalaria.
times longer than the internodes, 1-14 inch long, 1 line broad; middle nerve im- pressed on the upper side. Peduncle 3-4 inches. Head of flowers as large as a hazel nut. Involucre of about to scales, Corollas equal, white? or pale rose-coloured, nearly 4 inch long, downy outwards, lobes ovate, a little shorter than the tube. Fruit unknown. Habit of Lavandula ( Lavender ).
2. C. rigida (Schrad. 1. c.); stem terete; branches elongate ; leaves rigid, ovate-oblong, serrated, often eared at base, upper ones lanceolate ; heads nearly globose ; scales ovate, obtuse, ciliated, appressed-pubescent, at length glabrous. Scabiosa rigida, L. Mant. p. 328. Thunb.! Fl. Cap. 143. Sieb. Fl. Cap. exs. 252. Ceph. rigida et scabra, EB. Z.! 2331, 2332: Herb. Un. Itin. 727. Commel, Hort. Amstel. t. 93.
Var. a. glabra; quite glabrous.
Var. f. seabra; scabrous with short, rigid hairs.
Has. Mts, near Capetown, andin Hottentottsholland ; Natal, Krauss. Dec.—Feb: (Herb. Th., Sd., D.)
Stem 2-3 ft. high ; branches elongate, opposite, leafless in the upper part; lower lvs. close, 14-3 in. long, }~-1 in. broad, upper ones smaller, lanceolate, with revolute margins. Heads the size of a walnut. Flowers white, downy outside, 4-fid; lobes ovate, twice shorter than the tube. Fruit quadrangular, cuneate, silky-pubescent.
3. C. attenuata (R. & Sch. Syst. Veg. ITT. p. 44); stem striated or angular; leaves oblong, lanceolate or sublinear, entire, trifid or pinnati- fid; lobes divergent, quite entire; heads globose; scales obtuse, villous ; palez acute.
Var. a. leaves oblong, glabrous or hairy, with ciliate margins ; cauline ones entire or pi ifid peta Lar C. decurrens, E. Z.! 2333. C.ustulata, E. Mey. and 9554, Herb. Drege. S. rigida, Krauss, Herb. 320.
Var. 8. glabrous; leaves elongate-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, entire or pinnatifid at the base, lobes spreading, acute, quite entire; cauline leaves entire or more or less pinnatifid. Scab. attenuata, Lin. fil. Suppl. 118. Willd, Spec. 1, 546. S. trifida, Thunb. Fl. Cap. 144. Zeyh. 2333. Ceph. attenuata, E. § Z.! 3234. C. longi- folia, E. Mey.
Var. y. glabrous or hairy; lower leaves pinnatifid; lobes decurrent, linear, acute, diverging, quite entire; cauline leaves entire or pinnatifid. Scab. decurrens, Thunb. l.c. Se. humilis, Thunb. 1. c. Ceph. decurrens, R. § Schult. C. attenuata, LE. Z. ex pte.
Has. Wet places and grassy hills ; var. a. in Keiskamma, between Stadesmountains and Krakakamma, near Grahamstown, and Port Natal; var. 8. in distr. Uitenhage, George and Port Natal; var. y. Albany. Dec.-Feb. (Herb. Thunb., Sd., D.)
Stem 1-2 feet. Branches angle-furrowed, leafless or nearly so. Petioles of the radical leaves 1 inch-1 foot long. Leaves in var. a. about 2 inches long, }~1 inch broad, in var. 6 sometimes 1 foot long, 4 lines-14 inch broad, coriaceous; rhachis and lobes of var. y 2-3 lines broad. Lower stem leaves sessile, attenuate at the
base. Heads as large as a small walnut, or smaller. Scales and palew purplish or blackish at the apex.
4, C. ustulata (R. & Sch. Lc p. 43); glabrous or hairy; stem striately angular; lvs. lyrate-pinnatifid or serrate-incised, lobes toothed ; heads globose ; scales villous, obtuse ; inner palex acute.
Var. a, glabrous ; stem branched ; lower leaves lyrate-pinnatifid ; lobes ovate toothed ; scales and palez purplish at the apex. Scab. ustulata, Th. Fl. Cap. 144-
Van. 8, pilosa ; stem simple ; lower leaves serrate or lyrate-incised at the base ; lobes serrate ; upper leaves pinnatifid.
Scabiosa. | DIPSACEA (Sond.) 43
Has. Var. a, Bocklandsberg, Nov.—Dec., Thunb.; var. 8. Caledonriver and Ma- galisberg, and stony places near Commissiepoort, Zey. 779. (Herb, Th., D., Sd.)
Stem 1-2 feet. Radical leaves petiolate, in var. a, nearly 6 inches long, 14-2 inches broad ; lobes decurrent, upper ones larger, the terminal ovate, incised-toothed ; in var. 8, 3-4 inches long, 6-9 lines broad, sharply-toothed or pinnately-incised ; lobes ovate-oblong. Heads nearly the same as in the preceding, subglobose in var. 8, with more downy but not sphacelate apex. Corolla pubescent. :
5. C. seabra (R. & Sch. 1c. 44); stem erect, terete, rigid, branched, as well as the leaves scabrous-hairy; leaves stiff, pinnatifid or bipinna- tifid ; lobes linear, dentately-cut, acute, with revolute margins ; scales villous, obtuse ; palese acute. Se. scabra, Th. ! Cap. 144. Linn. f. Sup. 118,
Has. Hills near Zoetemelksvalley, Thunb.; Winterhoeksberg, 1000-2000 feet, Drege. Jan—Feb. (Herb. Th., D., Sd.)
Plant 2-3 feet high; branches elongated, rigid. Leaves sessile, 2 inches long, lobes about 4-6 lines long, as well as the rhachis, 1, rarely 2, lines broad. Heads the size of small walnuts. Flowers pubescent, white.
II. SCABIOSA, Linn.
Involucre of many leaves, nearly biseriate. Receptacle chaffy. Invo- lucels usually cylindrical, with 8 foveole, terminated by a campanulate or rotate, scarious limb. Jimé of calyx tapering into a neck at the base, and ending in 5-awned bristles, or 1-4 by abortion. Corolla 4~5-cleft. Stamens 4. Roem. et Schult. Syst. ITI. 2. Asterocephalus, Vaill. Endl. Gen. 2195.
Perennial or suffruticose herbs. Leaves variable. Heads of flowers depressed. Outer flowers of heads usually radiant. Name from scabies, the itch; which disorder the common sort is said to cure.
Stem herbaceous; lvs. lyrately-pinnatifid or bipinnatifid ... (£) Columbaria. Stem herbaceous; Ivs. obovate or obovate-oblong, irregularly toothed —... (2) Africana,
Stem suffruticose; Ivs. spathulate, serrato-dentate at the apex (3) Buekiana.
1. S. Columbaria (Lin. Spec. p. 143) ; stem branched, smoothish ; [iy radical leaves petiolate, spathulate, crenate or inciso-serrate, hairy ons Scand both surfaces ; cauline leaves pinnate-parted, with flat, linear lobes o1 ay undivided; peduncles elongated, 2~3-fid; corollas radiant, 5—fid, rarely f¢ © 4-fid; heads of fruit ovate-globose; crown 20-nerved, one-half shorter than the tube; bristles of calyx 5, 2-4 times longer than the crown. Engl. Bot.t.1311. Reichb. Pl. Crit. 4, t.354. #. Z.! 2338. S.acaulis, ma- ritima et ochroleuca, Thund.! Fl. Cap. t45. . 8S. Africana, E. Z., Thunb.
Herb, S. pallida, HZ. M.c. Herb. Un. Itin. 725. Zey. 778, 2727, 2728, 2729.
Var. 8. dissecta; glabrous or downy; lower leaves lyrate, unequally and bluntly serrated ; upper ones 2~3-pinnatifid ; lobes linear, incised. S. laciniata, Licht. R.G Sch. 3, 87. E.Z.2339. 8S. anthemifolia, E.Z. 2337. S. pallida, E. Mey. excl. e. 8. ochro- leuca, 8. Thunb. Hb. Hb. Un. Itin. 726. Drege, 9852. Zey. 2730 et 2731.
Van. y. elata; stem elongated, thick, fistulose ; radical leaves on long petioles, pinnati-partite ; lobes cuneiform. S. crassicaulis, E. Mey. S. columbaria, Hb. E.Z. expt.
Var. 6. simplicior; glabrous; radical leaves on elongated petioles, lanceolate, entire or toothed or pinnatifid, with a few, distant, much-spreading, linear-cuneate, entire lobes, the terminal oblong, acute; cauline leaves linear; heads smaller. Drege, 9553.
Has. Sandy places throughout whole colony, at Natal, and in Namaqualand,
44 ‘COMPOSITE (Harv.)
Magalisberg, Zey. 776; var. B. dist. of Cape, Swellendam, Uitenhage, and Albany ;. Walwekop, Zey. 775; var.y. Nieuweveldsbergen near Beaufort, 3-5000ft. Drege, v. 5, A very polymorphous plant. Flowers blue, violet or purplish, and white according
“yy. to Thunberg.
» 2, S, Africana (Lin. Spec. 145); whole plant wl/ous or pubescent;
stem herbaceous, erect, terete or subangular at the base, branched; leaves obovate or obovate-oblong, eroso-dentate or lyrato-pinnatifid at the base ; upper leaves much smaller, undivided or pinnatifid ; peduncles elongated; heads of fruit globose; corollas radiant, 5-fid; crown 20-24- nerved ; bristles of calyx 5, twice longer than the crown. Zhunb.! L1. Cap. 145. Herrm. Parad, t.219. Herb. Un. Itin. 724. Coult. Dips. 37, t 2,f:12. EB. Z.2335. S. indurata, Lin, Mant. 196. S. altissima, Jacq. Hort. Vind. t. 185. S. maritima, E. Mey.
Has. Hills near Capetown, Capeflats, &c. Jul.-Oct. (Herb. Th., Sd., D.)
Remarkable for its large leaves, which are 4—6 inches long, 1-2 inches broad, and clothed with soft and short tomentum ; the lower ones aggregated, irregularly-toothed or incised at the narrowed base. Heads about the size of a walnut. Leaves of
involucre lanceolate, silky, shorter than the pubescent corolla. Crown equalling the pubescent fruit, or a little shorter.
3. §. Buekiana (E. Z.! 2336); whole plant clothed with appressed silky hairs; stem suffruticose, branched and leafy at the base; leaves sessile, lyrately- or cuneate-spathulate, serrato-dentate from the middle, quite entire at the base; peduncles elongated ; heads of fruit subglobose ; corollas radiant, 5-fid; crown about 20-nerved; bristles of calyx 5, 2-3-times longer than the crown. S. tomentosa, L. Mey. ;
Var. 8. virescens; tomentum greenish; heads often smaller.
Var. y. angustiloba; leaves pinnatifid; lobes lanceolate.
Has. Grassy hills near Olifantshoek on Bosjesmansriver, Uitenh., Sept., #. Z.; near Salomonstown, May, Zey. 2732; var. 8. in Caffraria, Eck. Herb., T’. Cooper, 303; var. y. near Grahamstown and Glenfilling, Dec., Drege. (Herb. Sd., D.)
Stem short, but branches 1 foot and more high. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 6-8 lines broad, obovate-cuneated, bluntly-toothed or serrated, or in var. y. deeply-pinnatifid ; lobes about 4 lines long, 1 line broad. Heads nearly asin S. columbaria. Peduncles 1 foot long. Leaves of involucre lanceolate, twice shorter than the radiant outer flowers. Lobes of the pubescent corolla twice shorter than the tube. Fruit and involucel as in S. columbaria; but the bristles are generally somewhat shorter.
Orper LXXVI. COMPOSITA, Juss. (By W. H. Harvey).
Flowers (of minute size) arranged in heads (capitula) on a general receptacle, surrounded by an involucre, composed of several, separate or cohering, dry and membranous or green and leaf-like, scales, The
heads are either many- or few-flowered, or one-flowered ; separate, OF aggregated into compound clusters called glomerules, Flowers sessile on a disc-like, flat or convex, receptacle. Calyx-tube adhering to the ovary; limb (called pappus) either obsolete, annular or ring-like, coront- form, toothed, sealy, bristle-shaped or feathery, usually enlarged as the ovary swells, and more or less persistent. Corolla epigynous, tubular,
COMPOSIT# (Hary.) 3 45
either regular and 4—5-toothed, or uni-labiate and strap-shaped (ligulate), or rarely bi-labiate. Stamens inserted in the tube of the corolla, alternate with its lobes; anthers united by their edges into a tube, surrounding the style. Ovary with a single, erect ovule; style filiform, forked in the fertile flowers ; simple in the abortive. Fruit a dry, small nut or achene; seed without albumen. :
This Order, synonymous with Linneus’s 19th class, Syngenesia, is by much the largest in the vegetable kingdom, comprising over 1,000 genera and perhaps 13,000 species, of which numerous examples may be found in most countries. In 8. Africa their number is considerably over 1,500, and easily found examples are Aster, Chrysocoma, Helichrysum (or Everlasting), Senecio (grounsel), Osteospermum, Gazania, - Cryptosiemma, Sonchus (sow-thistle), &c. But conspicuous as are the flowers of these and kindred plants, a little examination shows that each apparent “flower” is in reality an injlorescence made up of a multitude of small flowers, each perfect in itself, arranged on a common platform or disc (receptacle) surrounded by numerous involucral scales. To understand the structure, which is general throughout this Order, the student should take some common example,—which may be picked up on any roadside or in any waste ground,—make a vertical section through the centre of one of the “flowers” (properly flower-heads or capitula), and compare what he will there find with the above diagnosis. In order further to assist him, I shall now briefly explain some of the terms used in the following descriptions.
Each capitulum or flower-head is composed of an involucre or outside covering, resembling a calyx ; a receptacle on which the flowers stand ; and the flowers themselves.
Involucre.—The small, leafy or scale-like parts of which the involucre is composed are called its scales (‘‘ scales of the involucre”). These may be in one, or in several rows, separate or cohering into a tube, and are of various textures and forms. In some genera, as in Senecio, there are frequently a number of smaller scales at the base of the proper involucre, which form a sort of supplementary or external involucre ; this is called a calyculus, and the scales which compose it, for distinction sake, are called its bracteoles, Involucres which have a calyculus are said to be calycled.
Receptacle—The receptacle is the summit of the flower-stalk, and is usually flat- tened out into a disc, which may be either nearly fiat, hemispherical, or conical. In a flower-head which has gone to seed it is usually exposed, from the opening out or deflection of the involucral scales, The receptacle is said to be nude, when its surface is bare, with bald interspaces between the scars left by the fallen flowers ;
when it is minutely-pitted, like honeycomb; and fimbriate or fimbril- liferous, when the margins or walls of the honeycomb-cells are jagged or fringed. In some cases (as in Geigeria, and in the section ‘“‘ Lepicline” of Helichrysum) the fringes or fimbrils are separate, and resemble teeth or scales. Such must not be confounded with the true scales of the receptacle, which are called pales. se latter are modified bracts, and are generally similar in appearance to the innermost — involucral scales, but are more rigid and horny; there is never more than one palea to each flower ; it is placed on the outer side of the flower, and very generally its base wraps round the ovary or the young achene. Palee are always important generic characters; they occur in Amellus, Athanasia, (Edera, Eriocephalus, Sphenogyne, &c.
Flower-heads.— When all the flowers in a flower-head are tubular, and of nearly equal length, the head is said to be discoid (as in Chrysocoma, Athanasia, Pteronia, &c.). When the flowers in a head are of two kinds, the central ones tubular and 4-5-toothed, the marginal ones longer, strap-shaped, and one-sided, such a head is said to be radiate; the central portion is called the disc, and thes - flowers the rays (as in Aster, Senecio, Osteospermum, Gazania, Xc.). en all the flowers in a head are strap-shaped and one-sided, the head is semiflosculose (as in Sowthistle, Dandelion, &c.). :
When all the flowers in a head are similar and perfect, each having stamens and an ovule-bearing pistil, the head is homogamous (as in Chrysocoma). When the flowers are of different sexes, or some perfect and some imperfect, the head is hetero-
All radiate capitula are heterogamous; their disc-flowers being either per- as is commonly the case, or male, with perfect anthers and an abortive pistil ;
d C
46 COMPOSIT# (Harv.)
their ray-flowers either female or neuter. Some heads are moneecious; when, on the same root, the heads are diverse, some containing only male flowers, others only female. And some are diccious (asin Brachylena and Tarchonanthus); when, on different roots, male and female flower-heads occur. And lastly, a head is hetero- monecious, if the marginal flowers be female, the disc-flowers completely male, with abortive stigmas (as in Osteospermum, Othonna, &.) Some heads are glomerulate, or aggregated in a glomerule: this is when a number of small heads (each with its proper involucre) are crowded together on a common receptacle, surrounded by @ general involucre. A compownd-head is thus formed (as in Spheranthus and (dera). Flowers.—The corolla is either tubular, equally 4~5-toothed ; filiform, or thread- shaped, and usually truncate ; ligulate or strap-shaped, one-sided ; or bilabiate, i.e., ligulate with a minute lobe or pair of lobes opposite the strap-shaped limb. : Pappus.—This term is given to the limb of the calyx, which takes a great variety offorms. I+ is usually an important generic character, and therefore to be closely attended to. Though the pappus exists when the flowers first open, it frequently enlarges after flowering, and is therefore best observed on the mature or nearly ma- ture ovary. It is either paleaceous, formed of flat scales; setaceous, of slender bristles ; plumose or feathered, when the bristles are plumed, like a feather, with slender hairs ; barbed, when the bristles are set with short processes or imperfect plumes ; it is tooth- like when formed of a definite number of small teeth ; coroniform, or crown-shaped,
when the teeth are partly confluent; and annular, or like a ring. An ovary is said_
to be calvous, or bald, when there is no obvious pappus.
Anthers.—It is often of importance to examine the anthers, in order to observe whether they are tailed, ic., produced at base, on each side of the filament, into a bristle-shaped point ; or tailless i.e., rounded or truncate at base. Tailed anthers alone separate the Gnaphalice (everlastings) from other Senecionideew ; and Inulew from other Asteroideze. © When they occur, they are always of systematic value.
Style.—When the ovary contains an ovule, the style is constantly 2-lobed, or at least 2-toothed at the extremity ; its lobes are called ‘* style-branches.”” When the ovary is abortive, the style is, with a few exceptions, quite simple or unbranched. In the i t of the Composite the style-branches afford characters of the highest value, and therefore must be closely and carefully observed by the student, either with a strong pocket lens or a simple microscope. The Tribes, except the Cichoracee, into which the Order is divided, are solely distinguished by certain characters of the style-branches, as indicated in the Table annexed. Unless these distinctions are mastered by the student, he will find it impossible to proceed in the study of Composite; but, in most cases, the distinctions are easily seen, if carefully looked for, and then what follows is comparatively easy. He must bear in mind, however, that, for systematic purposes, it is the style of bisexual or perfect flowers which affords the indicated characters : the styles of male flowers being usually simple, and those of exclusively female flowers, though branched, having similar branches in all the Tribes. A difficulty, therefore, exists in the classification of such plants as Osteospermum, Othonna, &c.in which there are no bisexual flowers. Having no certain guide to follow in their flowers, we are forced to place them next those genera to which, by their general aspect, they appear nearest of kin.
Achenium or Achene—This is the name applied to the small, seedlike nut or fruit of the Composite. It often affords generic characters in its shape and markings. Thus it may be cylindrical, angular, flattened, winged, &c.; or it may be glabrous, hairy, woolly ; smooth, scabrous, granulated, echinated, &c. In some it is prolonged into a tapering or thickened point, when it is said to be beaked. It is usually sessile on the receptacle, but is sometimes (as in Cotula) raised on a short pedicel.
TABLE OF THE TRIBES.
*Tubuliflore. Heads either discoid or radiate ; the disc flowers tubular, regular, 4-5-toothed.
Sp
SERRE owe nee
_Tribe t. Vernontace2... Style-branches long, much exserted, filiform, acute, equally oY
or bristly on the outer surface.—Heads always discoid. Leaves (Gen. 1-6.) A47_
Tribe 2, Evparortacea. Style-branches long, much exserted, terete, obtuse oF
Ethulia.| COMPOSIT (Harv.) 47
thickened at the point, minutely granulated on the outer surface.—Heads always discoid. Leaves mostly opposite. (Gen. 7-10.) se
Tribe 3. AsTEROIDER. Style-branches linear or lance-linear, flattish or flattened, mostly acute, minutely and equally downy on_the outer surface.—Heads radiate or discoid. Leaves various. (Gen. 11-38.) A FF
Tribe 4. SENECIONIDEE. Style-branches long, linear, flattish, truncate, bristly at the apex only, or tipped with a short, bristly cone.—In the male flowers the styles are simple, more or less bristly or brush-like at the point. ee various, (Gen. 39-124.) “79. 727.
Tribe 5. CynarE®. Style suddenly thickened towards the apex, and often hispid _ at the thickening ; its branches convex, either partially cohering or separate, minutely downy on the outer surface.— Habit various. (Gen. 12 5-146.) 72. 4a]
** Ligulifiore. Heads semifiosculose, all the flowers strap-shaped and bisexual.
Tribe 6. CicHoracez&. Style-branches long, subobtuse, filiform, equally pubescent on the outer surface.—Juice milky, very bitter. (Gen. 147-154.) P F2Z
Note.—Tables of the genera will be found under each of the Tribes respectively. TRIBE I.—VERNONIACEZ. >
~ Flower-heads discoid, all the flowers tubular. Style-branches long: much exserted, filiform, sharp-pointed, equally hispid or bristly on the outer surface. Leaves alternate. (Gen. 1.-V1.)
Heads several-flowered ; invol. of many imbricating scales :
Pappus none, or a small fleshy ring : All the fl. perfect, bi-sexual, with bell-shaped corollas i (1) Ethulia, — 7747 Central fl. male, funnel- shaped; sexi sane fili-. form, in many rows... te (2) Litogyne, A Pappus bristle-shaped, in 2 or more SLOWS : Inv. scales and leaves spinous-pointed ...... .... (4) Hoplophyilum. — 43,9 Inv. scales not spinous-pointed beet oes = 0s. age (3) Vernonia, = — : Pappus of 7-9 spreading, flat, white gam ...) (5) Platycarpha.——~ +4 Heads 1-ilowered; invol. of 2 opposite scales, compressed ...) (6) Corymbium, ———___ #3 I. ETHULIA, Cass.
Heads many-flowered, homogamous. Jnvolucre imbricate, scales her- baceous, acute. Receptacle naked. Corolla with a slender tube, and bell-shaped, equally 5-fid limb; lobes lanceolate, margined. Anthers. short, included. Style shortly exserted, its branches subulate, bristly. — Achenes inversely pyramidal, 4-angled, 4-ribbed, glabrous, glandular _ between the ribs, truncate, and 4~5-angled at the summit. Pappus an entire, thickened, marginal rim. DC. prodr. 5, p. 12.
Erect, branching, leafy, herbaceous plants. Leaves alternate, entire or serrated, pellucid-dotted. Flower-heads small, in a much-branched corymb. Flowers red or
purple. Name invented by Linnzus, who has not explained its meaning. E. Garie- pina, DC., and £. alata, Send., constitute our genus LrrocyNE.
1. E. conyzoides (Linn. Sp. ay t) ; closely puberulous ; Seauclits corymbose, somewhat spreading; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, distantly serrated towards the summit. D0. 1. c. 12, also, D. Rraussii, Sch. B.! in Walp. Rep. 2, p. 945, D. gracilis, DC., and D. angustifolia, Boj.!
Has. Common about Port Natal. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk., &c.)
2 or more feet high, thinly clothed with minute hairs. Stem and branches fur- rowed. Leaves pellucid- dokeek, 2-3 inches long, in the Natal specimens seldom 4
48 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [Litogyne.
inch wide, tapering to both extremities. Corymb densely much branched ; flower- heads 2 lines across. Fl. purple, fading to white. A common weed in the tropics of Asia and Africa. The leaves vary somewhat in breadth and serratures, whence the 4 sp. of the authors above quoted.
If. LITOGYNE, Harv. (n. gen.)
Heads hetero-moncecious, many-fl., discoid; the male fl. central, fun- nel-shaped, 5-toothed ; female fl. shorter, filiform, 3-toothed, in many rows round the margin. Jnvol. imbricated, the scales acute. ecept. naked, depressed. Pappus none. Mate: anthers linear, partly ex- serted, acute at base. Style simple, emarginate, much exserted, the exserted portion hispid all round. Ov. abortive. Frm.: Anth, none. Style exserted, deeply bifid, the arms glabrous, blunt, spreading. Ovary glabrous, minute, ovule-bearing. Achenes unknown.
8. African, much branched suffrutices, with entire or denticulate, alternate leaves, decurrent in narrow wings along the stem. Heads small, corymbulose or tufted at the ends of the branches. Fl. pale ?—Name from Autos, thin or mean, and ‘yuv7, ® female ; from the very slender, thread-like, female flowers.
1. L. glabra (Harv. Thes. t. 155); glabrous, smooth. Ethulia? Ga- riepina, DC.! prodr. 5, p. 13+
Has. On the Gariep, Drege / Namaqualand, A. Wyley! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)
Erect, perhaps 2~3 feet high, paniculately branched, sparsely leafy ; stems angu- lar, minutely rough in the furrows. Lvs. 1-14 inch long, 1-2} lines wide, broadly linear, sub-acute, smooth, entire or denticulate, decurrent in narrow wings along ’ the stem. Heads 3-6 together, on short pedicels, or subsessile. Invol. scales ob- long-acuminate, smooth.
2. L. scabra (Harv.) ; very scabrous. LEthulia alata, Sond. in Linn. Xxlii, 60.
Has. Bloomspruit, Fals river and Aapjes R., Burke & Zeyh./ (Hb. Sd., Hk.)
Stem ascending, 1—2 ft. long, much branched, the branches erect and closely leafy, either rough throughout or smoothish below. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, acute or subacute, entire or remotely denticulate, decurrent in narrow wings along the stem very rough with raised points on both sides. Heads tufted, 3-6 together, subsessile. Invol. scales ovate-acuminate, rough at back.—Chiefly distinguished from the preceding by its very scabrous surface.
Ill. VERNONIA, Schreb.
Heads few- or many-fl., homogamous. Jnvol. imbricated, shorter than the flowers; scales obtuse or acute, the inner longer. Recept. naked or honeycombed. Cor. deeply 5-fid, the lobes lanceolate. Filaments smooth. Anth. sagittate. Achenes linear or prismatic, glabrous, pubescent or silky- villous, striate or rib-furrowed. Pappus biseriate, the inner of many long, serrated bristles, the owter of very narrow, short scales ; rarely both series nearly alike, subequal; or the outer series of few bristles. DC. Prodr. 5, p. 15. Decaneuron, DC. 1. c. p. 66. Webbia, DC. l. c. p- 7? Vernonella, Sond. in Linn. 23, p. 62.
A vas ical, and sub-tropical genus, common to both hemispheres, and con-
isti cries, climbers, iat, al evel trees of various aspect. OAL alternate, petiolate or sessile, often gland-dotted. Inj. various, either corymbose, spiked, oT with solitary heads. Fl. purple-rosy or white. Decaneuron, DC., to which is attr buted a single pappus, has in several of its acknowledged species a distinctly double
Vernonia. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 49
one, and the ro ribs of its achenes are slight exaggerations of the 10 strie found on many acknowledged Vernonie ; nor is there any distinctive habit to mark its species, at least those of the section Gymnanthemum. In Webbia, DC., which is founded on its unisexual flowers, I find (as C. H. Scultz, Bip. has already pointed out) bisexual flowers in all the Cape species. Nor can I keep Vernonella, Sond., separate without also founding genera upon our V. monocephala and V, stahelinoides, which differ as widely in habit both from each other and from the species of the first section. —Ver- nonia is named in honour of W. Vernon, a botanist of the 17th century, who travel- led in North America in search of plants.
a. Erect or half-climbing much-branched shrubs or hf.-shrubs. Heads corymbose or panicled. Lys. minutely pubescent or glabrous : Panicles divaricate-spreading; invol. scales acute (1) anisocheetoides. Corymbs erecto-patent ; invol. scales obtuse. Invol. scales powdery; pappus white ... ... (2) angulifolia, Invol. scales glabrous; pappus reddish ... ... (3) mespilifolia. Lys. densely tomentose or hoary beneath : Lvs. subsessile ; invol. sc. tomentose; heads 4~5-fl. (4) corymbosa. Lys. long-petioled ; inv.sc. glabrous; hds. 15—20-fl. (5) i 6. Herbs, with simple, erect stems. Heads corymbose (Webbia, DC.) Stems uniformly leafy : Lys. petioled, ovate, silvery beneath, penninerved (6) Kraussii. Lys. sessile, silky-silvery on one or both sides : Lys. lanceolate, penninerved ; inv. sc. aristate (7) Natalensis.
Lvs. linear, t-nerved ; inv. sc. mucronate ... (8) pinifolia. Lys. sessile, roughly pubescent (not silvery) ; Lys. cordate at base ; hairs simple, curled ... (9) hirsuta.
Lys. acute at base; hairsforked ... ... ... (10) Sutherlandi, Stems nearly naked ; radical leaves obovate, large (11) Dregeana. ec. Herbs or suffrutices. Branches 1-headed : Iny. scales oblong, broad, obtuse or mucronate :
Suffruticose, much branched, closely pubescent ... (12) staehelinoides.
Herbaceous, glabrous ; lvs. subspathulate ... ... (13) Vernonella, Iny. scales lanceolate, much acuminate :
Glabrous; achenes densely silky ... ... ... ... (14) Gerrardi.
Hairy ; achenes 10-ribbed, quite glabro vs «+, (15) monocephala,
1. V. anisochzetoides (Sond. in Linn. 23, p.61); shrubby, the branches, inflorescence, and young leaves minutely pubescent, becoming glabrous; branches flexuous, angularly striate; leaves conspicuously petioled, cu- neate at base, broadly obovate, sharply and angularly 3—5-toothed at the summit, or the upper ones subentire, acute, 3-nerved at base, pellu- cid-dotted ; panicle terminal, much branched, leafy, its branches widely spreading or deflexed, loosely divaricating, multifid; invol. scales ovato- lanceolate, acute, nerve-keeled, woolly ; heads 12-13-flowered; pappus pale.
sda Near D’Urban, Natal, Gueinzius, 320,591. Gerr. & MK. 335, 336. (Herb. -) =e A large, half-climbing shrub. Lower leaves 2} inches long, and equally wide, with § sharp, toothlike lobes, with wide interspaces ; upper 14-2 inches long, 1-1} inch wide, mostly entire. Invol. scales with a dark central line, woolly at the sides, i FL. . Outer pappus of few scales.—Readily known, inflorescence.
becoming glabrate. purple among 8. African species, by its divaricate infio
2, V. angulifolia (DC. Prodr. 5, p. 29); subherbaceous, the branches, inflorescence, and foliage minutely puberulous ; branches angularly
VOL. II. 4
50 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Vernon.
striate ; leaves shortly petiolate, cuneate at base, deltoid-ovate, acute, with prominent lateral angles, or shortly 3-lobed or coarsely toothed, 3—5-nerved at base; panicle terminal, compound, leafy, its branches loosely corymbose ; invol. scales ovate-oblong, obtuse, nerve-keeled, minutely scurfy, membrane-edged; heads 6-9-flowered ; pappus white.
Has. Near D’Urban, Natal, Drege, Krauss 223, Gueinzius 587, Plant 40, Gerr. § MWK. 334. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)
Much branched and tall, imperfectly woody (7), drying blackish. Leaves mem: branous, 1-14 inches long, t-14 wide, the upper ones trowel-shaped, the lower more — or less toothed or lobed. Scales of the invol. pale horn-coloured, with a dark, cen- tral line, under a lens minutely rough. Fl. purple. Achenes thinly silky.
3. V. mespilifolia (Less. in Linn. 1831, p. 641); shrubby, the young branches, inflorescence, and foliage minutely puberulous ; branches round, striate ; leaves shortly petioled, much attenuated at base, broadly obovate, coarsely 3-7 or several-toothed, or angularly lobulate at the summit; panicle terminal, compound, its branches densely corymbose ; invol. scales ovate oblong, obtuse, round-backed, glabrous, ciliolate; — heads 3~5-flowered ; pappus fulvous. DO. J. ¢. 29.
Has. Swellendam, £. Z. Forests of Uitenhage, Burchell, Zeyher / Common in Albany and Kaffirland, and at Natal, Z, Z., Drege, Bowker, &c, (Hb. D., Sd., Hk.)
A half-climbing shrub, drying dark. Leaves membranous, 2-3 inches long, 2 ™- wide, thinly puberulous, minutely gland-dotted beneath. Invol. scales pale-horny,
neither keeled nor nerved, very obtuse or subacute, either quite glabrous or downy at top. Achenes with silky strie. Outer pappus very narrow.
4, V. corymbosa (Less. 1. c. p. 647); shrubby, the branches, inflores- cence, and under sides of leaves hoary or tomentose ; branches rodlike, rigid, angularly striate; leaves scarcely petioled, cuneate-oblong or obo- vate, coarsely few-toothed at the summit or beyond the middle, coria- ceous, tomentose beneath, the older ones becoming glabrate above; pani- cle terminal, leafy, corymbose ; invol. scales oblong, obtuse, round-— backed, tomentose; heads 4—5-flowered; pappus fulvous. DOC.1. c. 29- Stehelina corymbosa, Th. ! Cap. 628.
Var. 8, mespilioides (DC.); leaves larger, sharply 7-9-toothed, less hoary be neath. £. Z. 269; Drege, 5036; Gerr. G M’K. 344.
Has. From Uitenhage to Natal, Burchell, E. Z. Drege, Gerr. § MK. &. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.) ‘
A large, much branched shrub. Twigs straight. Leaves very variable in size and shape; sometimes narrow-cuneate, subentire, 1} in. long, $ in. wide; sometimes broadly cuneate, 14 inch long, 1 inch. wide; and in var. 6 2-24 in. long, 14 in. wide. Invol. scales rufous brown, not keeled. Achenes with pubescent strie. Outer pappus narrow, brittle.
5. V.Senegalensis (Less. in Linn, 1829, p. 265); shrubby, the branches, infl., and under sides of leaves tomentose; branches flexuous, round, striate, sprinkled with glands; leaves on longish petioles, slightly cune ate at base, broadly ovate or oblong, obtuse, subentire, undulate, sca brous above ; panicle terminal, leafy, compound, its branches widely spreading, loosely corymbose ; inv. scales broadly ovate, mucronulate, round-backed, glabrous, ciliolate ; heads 15~20-flowered ; pappus ful- vous. Decaneurum Senegalense, DC. l. c. 68. Eupat. coloratum, Willd.
Vernonia. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 51
Has. Zululand, Rev. Mr. Hewitson ; on the Shiré, Dr. Kirk. (Herb, D., Hk.) A large, half-climbing shrub, 10—12 ft. high. Lower leaves not seen ; upper on uncial petioles, 2-3 in. long, 14-2 in. wide, not much attenuated at base, i in outline, but not toothed. Outer pappus of few and narrow scales. ‘Achenes 10- rib-striate, the stri glabrous, with gland-downy interspaces. Corolla pilose.
6. V. Kraussii (Sch. Bip. in Walp. Rep. 2, p. 947); herbaceous; the simple, striate stem, the inflorescence, and the wnder surface of the leaves silky-canescent ; leaves shortly petioled, ovate, acute or acumi- nate, flat, entire, becoming glabrous above, penninerved ; corymb of few or many heads, flat-topped ; invol. scales lanceolate, acute, mucronate, canescent; achenes silky. Webbia eleagnoides, DC. l. ¢. 73.
Var. £, Barophels; dwarf (6-8 inches high), slender; heads 3-10. Webbia oligocephala, DC. l. ¢
Has. Between Caaanwrabs and Omsamculo, Drege/ Magallisberg, Burke § Zey./ ee ay Sanderson, &c. Var. B. with var. a. Drege, Gueinzius, 339. (Herb.
Stem 14-3 feet high. Leaves 1-13 inch long, 3-1 inch wide, at first thinly silky above, the adult quite glabrous, white and silky beneath. Heads many-flowered. Corymb 2-4 inches across. Corolla pilose. Decandolle’s W. oligocephala seems to me to be merely a starved variety.
7. V. Natalensis (Sch. Bip. in Walp. Rep. 2, p.947); herbaceous; the simple, striate stem, the inflorescence, and both surface of the leaves silky canescent ; leaves sessile, crowded, lanceolate, acute or acuminate, narrowed to the base, penninerved, entire, flat ; corymb of many heads, flat-topped ; invol. scales lanceolate, much-attenuated, bristle-pointed ; achenes silky. Webbia aristata, DC. l. ¢. 73.
Has. Katberg, and at the Key and Basche rivers, Drege; Kaffirland, £. Z./ Natal, Krauss, 443; Winterberg, Mrs. /. W. Barber, 233; near Maramballa, Dr. Kirk! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)
This resembles V. pinifolia, but has much broader, strongly-nerved, and canous leaves, and long-pointed involucral scales, ke. Leaves 2-3 inches long, 4-3 inch wide, erect. Heads many-flowered. Corymb 2-5 inches across. Corolla pilose.
8. V. pinifolia (Less. in Linn. vol. 2, p. 257); herbaceous ; the simple, rigid, striate stem, the inflorescence, and Hi under surface of iat more or less canescent or _pubescent ; leaves sessile, crowded, linear, acute, with revolute margins, one-nerved, becoming glabrous above ; corymb mostly compound, of many heads, flat-topped ; invol. scales lanceolate-oblong, mucronate, canescent; achenes densely silky. Webhia pinifolia, DC. Prod. 5, p. 72. Bot. Mag. t. 5412. Conyza pinifolia, Lam. C. canescens, Th. ! Cap. 66 5. Erigeron Capense, Houtt.
Var. 8. glabrata; stem weak, nearly glabrous; leaves few, glabrous and dotted ; heads few.
Has. Langekloof and Krum river, Thunb. E. Z./ Gowguhren, {ie Uitenh. Albany, Caffraria, and Natal, _— Hutton, Sander., &c.; var. B. Howisonspoort, oe Lar net
1-2 feet | mos ince ong, 2 line to 3-4 lines wide, the a ne pnnineree, Pubes Pubescence unwary variable, in var. B. scarcely any save on es intchiuee 3-8 inches across. Flowers
purple. Heads 20 or more flowered. Canina piles Ses parple,
9. V. hirsuta (Sch. Bip. 1. ¢.); herbaceous ; the simple, striate stem 4*
52 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Vernonia.
the inflorescence, and under surface of leaves, hairy with rough, curled hairs; leaves sessile, cordate at base, oblong or obovate, mucronate, acuminate (or obtuse ), subentire or with inflexed serratures, thinly-hairy above, netted-veined beneath; corymb densely many-headed, flat- topped; invol. scales lanceolate, acute or acuminate, woolly ; achenes silky. Webbia hirsuta, DC. 5, p. 73-
Var. §. obtusifolia ; leaves, save the uppermost, broadly-obovate, bullated, very obtuse or shortly-cuspidate.
Has. Katberg and Tambukiland, Z. Z./ Hutton! Bowker ; Natal, Drege, Krauss, 293; var. 8. Natal, 7. Williamson, Gerr. § M‘K. 343. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)
Stems 1—3 feet high, the whole plant coarsely-hairy, with greenish-yellow hairs. Leaves 14-2} inches long, 3-1} inch wide, very variable in shape, but always cordate
at base. In var. B. the leaves are thicker, and much more strongly-netted. Corymb dense, 2-4 inches across. Corolla pilose.
10. V. Sutherlandi (Harv.); herbaceous ; the simple, striate stem, inflorescence, and leaves thinly-hispid with rigid, mostly forked hairs ; leaves sessile, acute at base, oblongo-lanceolate, acute, mucronulate, few- toothed beyond the middle, or subentire, thinly-hispid on both sides, dotted beneath, penninerved; corymb pedunculate, cymose, 4—6- or 12- headed, the heads on longish, simple pedicels ; invol. scales lanceolate, acuminate, hispid; achenes densely-silky.
Has. Klip river, Natal, 3500-4500 feet, Dr. Sutherland! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)
Stem 1-2 feet high, the lower half closely-leafy, the upper naked, with 2—3 distant, small, linear-subulate, depauperated leaves. Lower leaves 14-2 inches long, $—j inch wide, the uppermost entire, the lower coarsely few-toothed. Pubescence in most places forked or stellate, rather rigid. Pedicels of the central head 4 inch, of the lateral 14-2 inches long. Heads many-flowered. Corolla bright purple, pilose.
11. V. Dregeana (Sch. B. 1. c.); herbaceous; the simple, angularly- striate stem, inflorescence, and foliage nearly glabrous or thinly-silky ; radical leaves obovate, narrowed at base, mucronulate, penninerved, sub-denticulate, with slightly-inflexed margins, nearly glabrous; cauline few, remote, linear, erect, with involute margins; corymb closely many- headed ; invol. scales oblongo-lanceolate, mucronate, woolly ; achenes silky. Webbia nudicaulis, DC. Prod. 5, p. 73.
Has. Betw. Key and Bashe, Drege/ near Grahamstown, Genl. Bolton, H. Hutton; Natal, 7. Williamson, Sanderson, Gerr. § M‘K. 316. (Herb. Sd., Hk., D.)
Stem 1-2 feet high, Radical leaves several, rosulate, 2-2} inches long, }-1 inch wide; cauline 1 or 2 inches apart, 1~3 inches long, 1-2 lines wide, Heads on longish pedicels, many-flowered. Corolla pilose.
12. V. stehelinoides (Harv. Thes. t. 156); suffruticose, paniculately much-branched ; the rigid, striate branches, peduncles, and foliage thinly appressed-pubescent, sub-canescent ; leaves sessile, narrow-linear, obtuse, with revolute margins, one-nerved beneath; heads terminal and axillary, solitary, pedunculate, about 1o-flowered ; invol. oblong, the outer scales roundish or ovate, obtuse, the inner oblong, subacute, mucronulate, all close-pressed, at first silky, becoming glabrate; achenes minutely-pubescent. Zey./ 1027, :
Has. is and Crocodile river, Burke § Zey./ (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.
Stem erect, 1-2 feet (or more?) high, be Be tebe Fo the ashe ti
Hoplophyllum.] COMPOSIT (Harv.) 53
and somewhat corymbose. Leaves 1-1} inch long, not a line wide, very blunt, exactly linear. Peduncles 1-14 inch long, mostly from the axils of upper leaves, naked. Heads, like those of a Stehelina or Serratula, 5 lines long, 2 lines across, about to-flowered. Pappus biseriate, the outer very short, the inner 5-6 times as long, with rough, dentato-plumose bristles. Recept. honeycombed. A very remark- able species,
13, V. Vernonella (Harv.); herbaceous, branched from the base ; branches simple, furrow-striate, glabrous, leafy; leaves sessile, spathu- late-linear, obtuse, narrowed to the base, with recurved edges, glabrous ; heads solitary, terminal, pedunculate, many-flowered; invol. scales broadly-oblong, mucronate, with scarious, wavy, lacerate edges, glabrous ; achenes densely-silky. Vernonella Africana, Sond. in Linn. 23, p. 62.
Has. Port Natal, Queinzius, 334! (Herb. Sond.)
A glabrous, many-stemmed perennial, 6-8 inches high. Branches or stems erect, simple, leafy beyond the middle. Leaves 1-2 inches long, 2 lines wide, slightly narrowed to the base, conspicuously 1-nerved. Heads $ inch across. Invol. scales thin, membranous, purplish, ragged at the edges, loosely imbricated. Fl. purple. Pappus discoloured.
14. V. Gerrardi (Harv. Thes. t. 157) ; herbaceous, branched below ; branches simple, furrow-striate, dotted, glaucous, leafy ; leaves sessile, hnear, acute, 1-nerved, dotted, flat, glabrous ; heads solitary, terminal, pedunculate, many-fl.; inv. scales lanceolate, cuspidate-acuminate, with very long, squarrose points, cobwebbed, woolly-ciliate ; achenes ribbed, densely silky.
Has. Bigarsberg, Zululand, W. 7. Gerrard, 1060. (Herb. D.)
A foot or more high, rigid, nearly glabrous and glaucous, conspicuously gland- dotted. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 1 line wide, thickish. Heads } inch across. Inv. scales rigid, with long, squarrose points, like those of an Athrivia. A very distinct and remarkable species, allied to V. Vernonelia and V. monocephala.
15. V. monocephala (Harv.) ; herbaceous, branched from the base ; . branches sub-simple, striate, roughly hairy or pubescent, leafy; leaves sessile, oblongo-lanceolate or lanceolate, mucronate, dotted, glabrous (or sparsely setose), ciliate on the margin and mid-rib beneath; heads soli- tary, terminal, pedunculate or sessile, many-flowered ; invol. scales linear-lanceolate, much acuminate, subpungent, scabrous and setose ; achenes quite glabrous, to-ribbed, and furrowed, oie s. oe berg, Burke &: Zeyher / 801; Zululand, Gerr. § di’K. 1011. (Herb. ae Fae
Roughly hay, perennial, 1-4 ft, high, either erect and much branched, or ascend- ing from a decumbent base, branched from the crown or the lower part of stem. Branches pale, variably hairy, sometimes leafy to the summit, sometimes ending in a naked peduncle, 4-6 inches long, each branch usually bearing a fl.-head. Heads 3-1 inch across, with very many flowers. Pappus dirty-white, the outer of a few short lin.-lanceolate bristles. Corolla externally scabrous, especially on the reflexed, linear-lanceolate lobes.—This has the achenium of a Decaneurum, DC., and the habit of V. simplex, Less. | |
IV, HOPLOPHYLLUM, DC. Heads few- (5~6) flowered, homogamous. Jnvol. ovate-oblong, closely
imbricate, its scales broad, obtuse, spinous-mucronate, scarious or horny. Recept. narrow, fimbrilliferous. Cor. glabrous, tubular, deeply and
54 comeosiT#& (Harv.) [ Platycarpha.
equally 5-cleft, the lobes linear. Filaments smooth. Anthers linear, sagittate. Stigmata 2, filiform, very long, bristly throughout. Achenes thick, subtrigonous, densely hairy, slightly contracted under the pap- pus. Pappus in many rows, persistent, scabrous, the outer pales bris- tle-shaped, the inner subulate-acuminate. DC. Prodr. 5, p. 73.
Rigid shrubs, with pungent, linear or subulate leaves, Heads sessile, axillary or terminal.—_Name compounded of éAov, a dart, and @vAdAor, a leaf; from the sharp pointed leaves.
Leaves semiterete, entire; heads crowded; invol. scales glabrous.., (1) spinosum. Leaves flat, with spinous, marginal teeth ; heads solitary ; invol. sc.
powdery Su, x ec eee te eke eed ose ses gee ove, (2) BERGE:
1. H. spinosum (DC. 1. c. p. 73) ; glabrous; leaves horizontally spread- ing, subulate, semiterete, furrowed, quite entire; invol. scales broadly ob- long, very obtuse, shortly mucronate, quite glabrous ; heads sessile in the upper axils and several-crowded at the ends of the branches.
Has. Olifants R., and Bokkeland, Thunb.; Clanwilliam, £.Z./ Gariep, Drege! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)
A much-branched, rigid suffrutex: branches and leaves divaricate. Leaves 1-2 inches long, pungent, 1~2 lines wide. Invol. 4 inch long, of many close-pressed, horny, wide-margined scales. Pappus fulvous. Corolla pale.
2. H. ferox (Sond.) ; subglabrous ; leaves spreading, linear-mucron- ate, flat, armed with 1-2 pairs of spinous, marginal teeth, furrowed ; invol. scales ovate, strongly mucronate, ‘Loewy glauco-pulverulent ; heads terminal, solitary sessile.
Has. Gamke R., Burke § Zeyher; Krails R. Beaufort, Zeyh. ! (Herb. Hk., Sd.)
Very rigid, much branched, and spiny as the last, but with flat leaves, margined, with a few spinous teeth, and solitary, terminal heads. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 1 line wide. Pappus fulvous.
V. PLATYCARPHA, Less.
Heads densely crowded, sessile, many-flowered, homogamous. Jnvol. scales in many rows, lanceolate, entire, scarious, pungent-mucronate, the inner narrow, resembling palee. Cor. with a long, slender, hispid tube, and equally 5-parted limb, the lobes linear, with recurved, gland- bearing points. /i/. smooth. Anthers linear, obtuse, subequally sagit- tate at base. St:gmata 2, filiform, diverging, equally papillate through- out. Achenes glabrous, oblong, bluntly 5-angled. Pappus persistent, of 7-9, white, linear-acuminate, entire, spreading scales. DC. Prodr. 5,71-
Only one species. The name is compounded of mAatus, flat, and xapqos, a scale ; relereing totes fi sohles Gb the puppies Las sla
1, P. glomerata (Less. in Linn. 6,p.688); DC.1.c. Cynara glomerata, Th.! Cap. 141. Stobea glomerata, Spr. Syst. 3, p. 394.
Has. In saline spots, Zwartkops R., Z. Z.! Drege. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.
A stemless perennial. Radical leaves numerous, spreading like a star on ground, petiolate, pinnately divided, albo-tomentose beneath, cobwebby, but becom- ing glabrate above, the lobes coarsely toothed, the teeth pungent ; the lower lobes short and distant, the upper close together and larger. Flower-heads numerous,
crowded in a sessile tuft, covering the crown of the root. sorek ware
very shar ed, rigi ing. Cor, e. Much white woo! uw nextion techie porph
Corymbium. ] COMPOSIT (Haryv.) 55
VI. CORYMBIUM, Linn.
Heads 1-flowered. Jnvol. cylindrical, of two opposite channelled scales, one clasping round the other, with 2~3 very small, exterior bracts at base, Cor. salver-shaped, deeply and equally 5-cleft. Anthers included, simple at base. Stigmata 2, filiform, equally hispid. Achenes attenuated at base, densely clothed with long, straight, silky hairs. Pappus short, crown-like, irregularly cleft or fimbriate. DC. Prodr. 5, 88.
Herbaceous, nearly stemless plants, all natives of S. Africa, their thick rootstock clothed with long, soft, silky hairs, Leaves radical, linear, parallelly many-nerved, rigid. Flowering stems nearly naked, with a few clasping, small leaves often re- duced to scales, corymbose at the summit. Corymbs loose or close, compound, each branch ending in an involucre. Flowers pink or white, rarely yellow.—Name from kopuuBos, a corymb, because the inflorescence is corymbose.
1, Stems, leaves, and involucres glabrous : Nerves of the leaves prominent ; margin thickened, smooth :
Nerves only 3, distant «0... wee eee (1) letifolium, Nerves numerous, close-placed ... ... 1... ... a. (2) Rervosum. Nerves of the leaves immersed or scarcely prominent : Nerves 1-3; corymb loosely branched ... ... ... (3) glabrum. Nerves several ; corymb very densely crowded... (4) cymosum. 2. Stems and involucres scabrous; leaves glabrous ... ... ... (5) seabrum,
3. Stems and /eaves hairy and glandularly muricate : : Leaves linear, acute, elongate ... 1... 21... ... +. (6) villosum. Leaves broadly lanceolate, tapering to bothends ... ... (7) congestum.
1. C, latifolium (Harv.); glabrous; stem compressed, smooth, much longer than the leaves; leaves broadly lanceolate, linear or oblong- linear, with 3 distant, prominent nerves and thickened margins; corymb loosely much branched; invol. scales smooth.
Has. Vanstaadensberg, Uit., Zeyher! No. 2737 (and 303). (Herb. Sd., Hk., D.)
This has broader and shorter leaves, and a laxer inflorescence, than C. nervosum,
from which it more especially differs in never having more than 3 nerves, even in its broadest leaves. Leaves 6-8 inches long, 4-1 inch wide, sometimes falcate.
Van. 8. subulifolium; leaves very narrow-subulate, convolute-terete. Zey./ 2736.
Has. Moist, sandy places, from Capetown to Uitenhage, common; var. B. Uit. Zey.! Grahamstown, &c. Mrs. F. W. Barber. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk., &c.)
Root stock robust, densely woolly. Leaves 10-14 inches long, 2~5 lines wide, microscopically granulated, yellow-green. Stems scarcely taller than the radical leaves, with 2-3 clasping, cauline leaves. Flowers pink or purple. Var. 8. has leaves almost as narrow as those of C. scabrum, B. filiforme.
3. C. glabrum (Thunb. 729) ; glabrous ; stem angular, smooth ; leaves broadly-linear, subacute, flat, with 1-3 impressed or immersed, stria-like nerves, and rough margins ; corymbs loosely much-branched ; invol. scales smooth. DC. l.c. FARE A 29 HL
Has. Cape, Th. ; nr. Capetown, £.Z./ Wynberg, Dr. Wallich! (Hb. Sd., D., Hk.)
Often confounded with the preceding, from which its immersed (not prominent)
56 COMPOSIT ( Harv.) [ Corymbium.
nerves readily distinguish it. Drege and £. § Z.’s specimens are indiscriminately named. Lvs. 6-8 inches long, 3~4 lines wide, often falcate; the narrower one-nerved, the broader faintly 3-nerved. Invol. 4 lines long.
4, C. cymosum (E. Mey.); glabrous ; stem bluntly angular, smooth, mostly shorter than the leaves; leaves very long, linear, acute, with many, scarcely prominent nerves, and a roughish margin; corymb very dense, fasciculate ; the glabrous involucres subsessile. DC. J. ¢. p. 89. (excl. sp. ex Drege).
Has. Hottentotsholland, Mundt! Eastern Districts, Burchell, fide DO. Stellen- bosch and Swellendam, £. ¢ Z./ Stellenbosch, W. H.H. (Herb. Hk., Sd., D.)
Readily known from C. glabrum by its densely crowded inflorescence. Leaves 8-16 inches long, 3-4 lines wide. Scales of calyculus pointed. Drege’s specimens marked “C. cymosum,” so far as I have seen, belong to C. scabrum, B.
la } .
: wee 5. C. scabrum (Linn. f. Suppl. 392); stem terete, densely muricated ; OF \
0 l®
leaves linear or filiform, flattish or convolute, glabrous, minutely sha- grined ; corymb dense ; invol. scales scabrous and glandular, viscidulous. DC. 1.¢.89. Thunb. Cap. 729. Lam. ill. t. 723, f.1. Burm. Afr. t.70,f. 1. V.Ak. 8. filiforme (Th.); leaves very narrow, filiform, semi-terete. C. filiforme, Linn. f. DC. 1. c. C. cymosum, Drege! in Herb. Hk., D., Sd. Zey.f 2739. Var. y. luteum; corolla (said to be) yellow. C. luteum, FE. M./ DC. 1. c. p. 89. Has. Round Capetown and Stellenbosch; at the Paarl, Drege; Worcester, E. Z.; Caledon, Pappe, &c.; Uit., Zey./ Var. y. at the Paarl, Drege! (Hb. D., Sd., Hk.) Leaves 4-12 inches long, 4 line to 2-3 lines wide, variable in the same tuft. Stems mostly taller than the lvs. very rough. Flowers pink or pale; in var. y “ yellow”
(perhaps primrose colour’). find Dreges specimens of C. luteum quite as scabrid as those of our var. 8, and in the dry state undistinguishable.
6. C. villosum (Less. in Linn. 1831, p. 691); stem terete, villous and glandularly muricated ; leaves linear, acute, flat, sub-falcate, on both sides pilose and glandularly muricated; invol. scales glandularly muri- cated, bearded and pilose. DC.l.c.89. C. villosum and C. hirtum, Th. Cap. 729, 730. C. hirsutum, Eck.
Has. Cape, Thunb., E.§ Z.! Dutoitskloof and Piquetberg, Drege! Stellenbosch, W. H. H. Bamskloof, Hutton! Zwartberg, Caledon, Pappe/ (Hb. D., Sd., Hk., &e.)
Leaves 4-6 inches long, 3-4 lines wide ; cauline long or short, but always linear. Corymb dense, Exterior scales of the invol. nearly half as long as the inner ones.
7. C. congestum e Mey.); stem somewhat angular, hispid and glan- dularly muricated ; leaves broadly-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, acute, on both sides glandularly pubescent ; corymb dense ; invol. scales densely glandular, sharply 3-toothed. DC. 1. c.89. Harv. Thes, t. 69. Has. Drakeensteinberg, 2~300 ft. Drege! Worcester, E. § Z./ (Hb. D., Sd., Hk.) Leaves broader and more membranous than in other species, 5-6 inches long,
7-1 inch wide. Cauline leaves clasping, oblongo-lanceolate. Division of the corymb few-flowered.
TRIBE I.—EUPATORIACEE.
Flower-heads discoid, all the flowers tubular. Style-branches long, exserted, terete, obtuse, or thickened at the point, minutely granulated on
the outer surface,—Leayes mostly o ite, rarely alternate. (Gen. vilX) ee : Y opposite, rarely (
Anisocheta. | COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 57
Leaves alternate. Pappus of 3-5 unequal scales ... ... | (7) Amisocheta. s
Leaves opposite : Heads many-flowered :
Pappus of 5-10 broad, toothed, pointed scales ...| (8) Ageratum. ty Adenostemma. ~
Pappus of 3-5 gland-tipped bristles <.. ... ...» (9) Heads 4-flowered. Pappus of many, slender bristles ...- (10) Mikania.
VII. ANISOCHZATA, DC.
Heads many-flowered, homogamous. Jnvol. ovate, imbricated, its scales lanceolate, appressed, shorter than the disc. Aecept. naked. Corolla tubular, deeply and equally 5-cleft, the outer flowers curved downwards towards the periphery. Anthers sagittate. Style shortly exserted ; stigmata 2, cylindrical, obtuse, nearly smooth. <Achenia (unripe) oblong, striated, scarcely downy. Pappus of 3-5, narrow- subulate, much acuminated, unequal, erect scales. DC. Prod. 5, p. 109.
A half climbing, or scrambling shrubby plant. The name is compounded of avicos, unequal, and xaiTn, a bristle ; alluding to the pappus.
1, A. Mikanioides (DC. 1. c. p. 110.)
Has. Between the Omsamwubo and Omsamcaba, Drege! Natal, Gueinzius! 542. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)
Stem terete, flexuous, striate, pubescent; branches widely spreading or deflexed. Leaves alternate, petioled, broadly-ovate, 3~5-nerved and subtruncate or deltoid at base, coarsely and bluntly incised, thinly downy, becoming glabrous, except on the nerves and petiole. Panicle ending the branches, its divisions spreading; ultimate pedicels longer than the heads, with 2-3 scattered bractlets. Invol. scales in several rows, minutely gland-dotted and rough-edged.
VIII. AGERATUM, Linn.
Heads many-flowered, homogamous, subglobose. Jnvol. loosely im- bricated, its scales lanceolate, acuminate, equalling the disc. Recept. naked. Cor. tubular, equally 5-fid. Style exserted ; stigmas 2, cylin- drical, obtuse. Achenes with a basal callus, 5-angled, narrowed to the base. Pappus of 5-10, lacerate or pectinate, bristle-pointed (or obtuse) scales. DC. Prod. 5, p. 108.
Herbaceous plants, chi American. A. conyzoides is commonly dispersed throughout the tropics of both hemispheres. Name unexplained.
1. A. conyzoides (Linn. Sp. 1175); leaves ovate, rhomboid or cor- date, on longish petioles; scales of the pappus 5, broad and serrated at base, their long bristle-points equalling the small corolla) DC. l. ¢. p. 108. Schk. Hanb. t. 238. Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 15.
Has. About Port Natal, Dreye, Krauss, 233; Gueinzius, Gerr. § M‘K. 337, &e. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk:, &.) :
Variable in pubescence and the shape of leaves, &c. Stem 2-3 feet high, terete.
Leaves mostly pubescent, 13-2 inches long, crenate; the petioles mostly very hairy. Corymbs dense, terminal. Flower-heads 2-3 lines across. Corollas lavender-blue or white, small.
se
IX. ADENOSTEMMA, Forst. Heads many-flowered, homogamous. Receptacle flat, naked, honey- combed. Jnvol, campanulate, rather shorter than the flowers, reflexed
-
4
3
58 comPosIT#& (Harv.) [| Adenostemma.
after flowering, its scales in a single or double row, connate at base, oblong, herbaceous. Cor. shortly tubular, funnel-shaped, 5-toothed, villous externally. Stigmata 2, much exserted, linear, dilated, coloured. Achenés oblong, bluntly angular, crowned with 3-5 short, rigid, spread- ing, gland-tipped bristles. DC. Prodr. 5, p. 110.
Tropical and subtropical herbaceous plants, natives of both hemispheres. Leaves opposite, petiolate, toothed, 3-nerved at base. Heads panicled, pedicellate. Flowers white.—Name from adny, a gland, and oreupa, a crown.
Stem pubescent; leaves coarsely and sharply toothed ... ... ... (1) Caffrum. Stem nearly glabrous ; leaves with blunt, shallow teeth or crenate... (2) Dregei.
1, A. Caffrum (DC. 1. c, 112); stem erect, 4-angled, thinly puberu- lous or scabrid below, more densely pubescent on the panicle ; leaves ovato-rhomboid, acuminate, broadly cuneate or truncate at base, coarsely callous-toothed, nearly glabrous above, pubescent, especially on the nerves, beneath; panicle loosely dichotomous; invol. scales linear-ob- long, obtuse, thinly downy at back; achenes granulato-muricated. ;
Has. Caffraria and Natal, Drege, Williamson, Gueinzius, 347; Bowker, 34; Gerr. & M’K. 313. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)
A tall, coarse-growing weed. Leaves 3-5 inches long, 2-3 inches wide, herbace-
ous. Panicle terminal, irregularly forked, covered with rusty, subappressed hairs. Bracts small, few, linear. Petioles $-1 inch long. Invol. partially biseriate.
2, A. Dregei (DC. l.c. 111); stem sub-erect (or erect), sparingly muricated, especially about the nodes, otherwise glabrous ; leaves con- spicuously petioled, ovato-deltoid, cuneate at base, acute, bluntly cal- lous-toothed, sparsely hispidulous on both sides, scabrid on the nerves beneath; panicle loosely forked, the pedicels long, slender, puberulous; invol. scales linear-oblong, obtuse, hispidulous; achenes granulato-mu- ricated. Also A. Natalense, DC. l. ¢. 112.
Has. Near Natal, Drege! Gerr. dé M’K. 313. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.)
A weaker, more slender, and more glabrous plant than A. Caffrum, with larger, thinner, more evidently petioled and less coarsely serrate leaves, and very lax inflo- rescence, Leaves 4-6 inches long, 3-4 inches wide. Stem rooting at the base, 2 ft. high. I cannot distinguish A. Natalense specifically.
X. MIKANIA, Willd.
Heads 4-flowered. Recept. naked, narrow. Jnvol. 4-leaved, bracteolate at or below the base. Cor. with a short tube, and bell-shaped, 5-cleft limb. Anthers sub-exserted. Achenes angular. Pappus of many, rough bristles, in one row. DC. Prod. 5, 187.
; Tropical and sub-tropical, mostly climbing shrubs or herbs, chiefly American, with outliers in India, trop. Africa, and Madagascar. Leaves opposite, petioled, mostly cordate or sagittate. Heads in the S. African species corymbose. Corolla pale-coloured. Name in honour of Prof. Mikan, formerly of Prague.
All parts pubescent; leaves velvetty beneath ... ...... (1) Natalensis. Stem glabrous ; leaves either glabrous, or hispidulous beneath (2) Capensis.
1. M. Natalensis (DC. 1. c. 198); herbaceous, voluble, slender, more or less pubescent in all parts ; leaves petioled, cordato-sagittate, acumi-
nate, sinuato-dentate, S-neryed, densely velvetty beneath, thinly pubes-
Mikania. | COMPOSIT (Haryv.) 59
cent above, corymbs trichotomous, on peduncles longer than the leaves; invol. scales oblong-linear, pubescent, acute ; achenes glabrous, thinly glandular, pappus rufous, Has. Natal, Drege, Sanderson, 23 ; Krauss, 289 ; Williamson, &e. (Hb., D.Sd., Hk.) More slender than M. Capensis, with much more copious pubescence and narrower leaves, one-third shorter invol.-scales and smaller flowers.
2. M. Capensis (DC. 1. c.); stem suffruticose, voluble, glabrous ;. leaves petioled, cordate-acuminate or hastate-triangular, denticulate, glabrous above, hispidulous beneath or glabrous, 5-nerved ; corymbs trichotomous ; invol.-scales oblong-linear, acuminate ; achenes glabrous, thinly glandular; pappusrufous. HLupatoriwm scandens, Thunb. Cap. 627.
Var. a. cordata; leaves cordate-acuminate, hispid beneath. M. Capensis, DC. 1. c.
Var. 8. oxyota; lvs. hastate triangular, mostly glabrous. M. oxyota, DC. 1. c.
Has. Eastern districts of Caffraria, frequent. §. Vanstaadensberg, Drege! Al- bany, Mrs, F. W. Barber! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)
A much branched climber, 20-30 f. long. Petioles 1-3 inches long. Leaves 2-3 inches long, 1}-2 in. wide, taper-pointed. Invol. 3-34 lines long. Flowers pale or
. The leaves vary in shape and pubescence. This species scarcely differs from M. chenopodifolia, Willd. , TRIBE IIT. -ASTEROIDER,
Flower-heads either discoid, all the fi. tubular; or more frequently radiate, the central fl. tubular, 4-5 toothed, the marginal ligulate. Style-branches linear or lance-linear, flattened, mostly acute, their outer surface equally and minutely downy. —Leaves commonly alternate, rarely opposite. (Gen. XL—XXXVIII.)
(1). Fl-heads conspicuously radiate ; the rays blue, pink, or white (not yellow) : - Ls
Recept. covered with rigid scales (paler) ... ... (12) Amellus. 3 ‘S Recept. naked : i Ray and disc-fl. both with bristle shaped pa Pappus-bristles feathered (plumose) ... ae Mairea. 6 Pappus-bristles rough, but not feathered : Pappus uniform, of many similar F WD Soe ae ee, ope ek, LER i6 é Pappus double ; the outer bristles” re Mee ne ee a () iglopeppes.. ~ = S. Ray-fl. without pappus ; dise-fl. with bristle- — — ee a with dupes . (16) Charieis. 2 Dise-fl "nella, with serrated papp. bristles... .. (14) Gymnostephium. . 6 All the fi. without pappus. Leaves pinnatifid {21) Garuleum. 3 5 (2). Fl.-heads conspicuously radiate ; rays yellow : Recept. nude, smooth or minutely pe Si Pappus well-feathered (plumose) ... soot aac (3g) es lO Se a Anthers not tailed at base ... ... ... (20) Nidorellaa © & __ Anthers tailed at base ... ... .., +. (33) Inula. /2, _ Pappus bristle-shaped, in many rows, uniform- i : Pappus double ; outer of short scales ; inner of ene ce a cee... - (34) Pulicaria. A2 Pappus none .., -- + (15) Anaglypha, 2} é
Recept. conspicuously honey-combed or fimbrilliferous :
60 COMPOSIT# (Harv.) | Alciope. Page Rays neuter, with glabrous, abortive achenes (36) Cypselodontia. /2% Rays female ; all the achenes hairy. Pappus double: Pappus of several toothed bristles, the we ALE 9 ol a ee ere eee a Pappus of broad scales, all or half of them awned Sis Nye Bove, eed: AGO) SICAORI: /24 (3). Fl.-heads heterogamous, either discoid or very imperfectly radiate ; the mar- ginal-fl. female, filiform, or with very short, unilabiate or bilabiate corollas (im- perfect rays): Pappus double ; outer of short scales, inner of Pappus single, of few or many slender bristles : Marginal-fl. imperfectly ligulate (unilabiate) : Rays white ; disc yellow
(37) Minurothamnus. /24
(34) Pulicaria. JU
(19) Erigeron. . §, JS6
Rays yellow, as well as the disc ... ... (20) Nidorella. - - §% Marg.-fi. filiform, ina single row. Lys. heath- like pees ber soe Sec. nay ae ois hag) pean 2 fe Marg.-fl. filiform, in many rows. Lys. broad. Anthers without tails ... ... (26) Conyza. \) Mf Anthers tailed at the base (32) Blumea. 419 Pappus none, or of very minute, flat scales : ; Recept. flat. Disc-fl. 5-toothed, sterile ... (31) Denekia. 18 Recept. conical. Disc-fl. 4-toothed ... ... (27) Dichrocephalaa 4%
(4). Fl.-heads dioecious, discoid ; male and female flowers. in separate heads, on distinct roots. (Balsamic shrubs or trees) : -
Achenes woolly, without pappus ...
vs es «+. (30) Tarchonanthus. /7 Achenes pubescent, with copious, bristle-shaped
pappus 2. 2 ee ee a ee uS- (5). Fl.-heads homogamous, discoid ; all the flowers tubular and perfect : Recept. covered with rigid scales (palee) ... ... (12) Amellus. LI Recept. nude : - Anthers not tailed at base : Pappus bristle-shaped, wniform : Pappus uniseriate, very slender, de- ciduous se -eée - ven: gee sev, (28) Chrpuocoma.G -° 9@ Pappus in many rows, rigid, per- - sistent ... é
Veep tae pra vs yi, GS” Pappus double, the owter of short, narrow : scales, inner of long, rough bristles ... (22) Fresenia. — G2 Anthers tailed at base: pappus copious, of ‘ many bristles, or of scales and bristles ... (35) Pegolettia, 422 (6). Fl.-heads compound; many small, discoid heads united on a common recep- tacle, with a general involucre. Pappus none ... (28) Spheranthus. ff8
Sub-Tribe 1. AsterE#. Heads sometimes homogamous and discoid, but mostly
heterogamous, radiate; the ray-fl. female ; disc-fl. bisexual, rarely abortive. Anthers without tails. (Gen. 1-24.)
XI. ALCIOPE, DC.
Heads many-flowered, radiate; ray fl. ligulate, uniseriate, female, with abortive stamens; disc fl. tubular, 5-cleft, regular, perfect. Recept. broad, naked. Jnvol. imbricate, its scales linear, appressed. Style deeply bifid, its branches linear, divergent, semi-terete, obtuse, dorsally puberulous. Achenes linear-oblong, angular, sub-compressed, pubes- cent. Pappus bristle-shaped, in many rows; the bristles slender, rough, deciduous. DC. Prodr. 5, p. 209.
Branching, erect undershrubs, natives of S. Africa. Stems covered with dense, white wool. Leaves alternate, petioled, entire or denticulate, woolly beneath.
Amellus.] COMPOSIT& (Harv.) 61
Heads large, terminating the branches, solitary or 2-3 in acorymb. Flowers yel- low. The name is that of one of the nymphs, fancifully applied to this genus.
Invol. scales thinly cobwebby, becoming glabrous ....... .... (1) Tabularis. Invol, scales densely and persistently woolly ... ... ... ... (2) lanata.
1. A. Tabularis (DC.1.c.p.210); stemshrubbyat base, erect, branched ; branches tomentose, elongate, bearing 1-3 flower heads ; leaves short-,
petioled, ovate or oval, entire or sinuato-denticulate, cobwebby, becom- \",
ing glabrous above, woolly tomentose beneath; invol. scales oblong- | linear, soon glabrous, sub-biseriate, the outer ones "few and loose, Arnica Tabularis, Th.! Cap. 668. Ligularia Tabularis, Less. Celmisia rotundi- folia, Cass.
Has. Table Mt., Thunberg, Drege; Muysenberg, W. H.H. (Hb. Th., D.,Sd.,Hk.)
1-2 feet high, the branches with deciduous tomentum. Leaves 14-2 inches long, 1} inch wide, an inch or two apart. Branches naked at the summit, with a few linear, scattered bracts.
2. A lanata (DC. 1.c.); stem shrubby, erect, subsimple, very densely woolly; branches few, woolly, prolonged into long peduncles, bearing 1-2 fl.-heads; leaves petiolate, cordate-ovate, obtuse, with subrevolute margin, coriaceous, laxly woolly, becoming glabrous above, densely woolly beneath; inv. scales densely and persistently woolly, 2-3-seriate. Arnica lanata § A. grandis, Th. ! Cap. 667,668. Ligularia lanata, Less.
Has. Roodesand, near Winterhoek, Th.; near Tulbagh, Drege! (Herb. Th., D.,
k. auch Aan densely and persistently woolly than the preceding ; with larger lvs. and longer peduncles, Leaves 3-4 inches long, 2}-3 inches wide. Peduncles 12-1 5 inches long.
XII, AMELLUS, Cass.
Heads many-flowered, mostly heterogamous; ray fl. ligulate, in one series, female and fertile; disc ft. hermaphrodite, tubular, 5-toothed :— rarely heads homogamous and discoid. Recept. convex, covered with palece between the flowers. nvol. scales inbricated, rigid, acuminate, the inner ones assimilated to the palew. Achenes wedge- shaped, com-
pressed, those of the ray somewhat 4-angled, scabrous, of the disc Saint scabrous edged. Pappus of the ray of a few very short, une- qual scales ; of the disc double, the outer similar to that of the ray, the inner of 4—5 scabrous, deciduous bristles. DC. Prodr. 5, p. 213.
Small suffrutices or herbs, all 8. African. Lower leaves opposite, upper alternate,
oblong, entire or few-toothed, strigillose or canescent. Peduncles terminal, 1-headed, ae fi. blue ; disc yellow. Name adopted from the ancients.
- Perennes; Root perennial. Stems rigid, half-woody. (Sp. 1-3.) Thinly silky, with close-pressed hairs ; leaves broad or nar-
lar ihren iin a inion vs vey cog ee entire or toothed e very at (a) hispidus.
Sparingly setulose, with subappressed hairs ; heads small seabridus. A. Annui; Root annual. Stems herbaceous. ¢ > “3 Palew of recept. aowninate, as long as the di fi., or longer : TO cen Oa simple, ith minute, — ° wi ad bescence, and long hairs... .,. (4) anisatus.
62 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [A mellus.
Stem diffusely branched : peduncles hollow and swollen upwards ... ... ... .«. ... =. (6) coilopodius. Stem diffusely branched; pedune. solid, filiform (5) strigosus. Rays very small and narrow ; pubescence copious
eee TE RE cee OR ee. ee Palez of recept. club-shaped, shorter than disc, few ; heads UOUREC code Sesto cae oss « Sie 5 Ser OR eet apes (0) Meee
A. Perennes ; Stem perennial, rigid, half-woody. (Sp. 1-3.)
1. A. Lychnitis (Linn. Sp. 1276) ; stem suffruticose, erect or diffuse, alternately branched, the branches, foliage, and involucres minutely appresso-pubescent ; leaves alternate or opposite, either obovate, lanceo- late-oblong-obtuse, or linear, very entire. DC. /.c.214. Lam. ill. t. 682,
J. 1, Jacq. coll. 5, t. 10. A. tenuifolius (with narrow leaves), Burm. DC. l.c. Zey.! 799.
Var. 8, flosculosus (Benth.); heads discoid, homogamous. Henelia Capensis, Walp. Rep. 2, p. 974. (Herb. D.) Has. Cape flats, &c., Riebeckskasteel, Drege! Riet Valley, F. Z./ Half way to Stellenbosch, W. H. H.; Namaqualand, Zeyher! (Herb. Th., Hk., D., Sd.) __1-14 foot high, pale, much branched. Stem sometimes sparsely pilose, as well as silky. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 1-3 lines wide, rigidly and closely puberulous. Heads many-fi., 5—6 lines across. A. tenuifolia merely differs in its narrower, more an
linear leaves, varying on the same bush. Var. 8. is in all respects identical wi the broad-leaved A. Lychnitis, minus the rays.
2. A. hispidus (DC. Prodr. 5, 214); stem suffruticose at base, branched, erect, hispid with spreading bristles and hairs; leaves alter- nate, linear, subacute, very rough with rigid bristles and hairs, some quite entire, others with 1-2 small, lateral lobes or teeth; invol. scales densely setose at back, acuminate; heads radiate. Agathwa spathulata, Kze.! Pugil. 1, 9 (fide Hort. Hamb.).
Var. f, angustissimus (DC.) ; slender, more densely covered with long, spread- ing hairs mixed with short ones ; leaves very narrow, and quite entire.
Var. y, flosculosus ; leaves entire; heads discoid. A. flosculosus, DC. I. ¢.
Has. Kamiesberg, 300-400 ft. and near the Gariep, Drege/ 8, Oliphants River, Drege! +. Little Namaqualand, and Gariep, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)
_ Like A. Lychnitis, but readily known by its coarse, spreading pubescence, Var, ¥ is a form precisely analogous to the flosculose var. of A. Lychnitis. A specimen of Agathea spathulata, Kze. in Herb. Sond., on the authority of the Bot. Gard. of — Hamburg, is an Amellus/ and seems to be a garden state of this species.
3. A. scabridus (DC. 1. c. p. 214); “stem suffruticose, branched, sparingly setulose, with subappressed hairs ; leaves linear, acute, very entire, sprinkled on both sides and at the margin with subappressed, rigid bristles ; invol. scales acuminate, rough-hairy at back.” DC. 1. ¢.
Has. Zwellendam, Burchell; Karroo, £. Z. (Unknown to us.)
“Stem rigid, slender. Branches not striated. Leaves 7 lines long, scarcely 4 line wide. The heads when rubbed smell of aniseed, and are about half the size of
those of A. Lychnitis, Rays pale. Achenes mostly compressed, with callous margin, — at length nearly calvous.” DC. ¢
B. Annui: Herbaceous, annual. (Sp. 4-8)
ie _4& A anisatus (Cass. Dict. 37. p. 489); “stem herbaceous, erect, simple, covered with minute, appressed pubescence, and sprinkled with ’
Amellus.] COMPOSIT# (Harv.) 63
long, jointed bristles ; leaves opposite or alternate, linear, very entire, on both sides roughly pubescent.” DC. 1. c. p. 214.
Has. Cape. (Unknown to us.)
5. A. strigosus (Less! Syn. 162); annual, diffuse, ascending or de- pressed, many branched from the crown, rough with spreading hairs ; leaves mostly alternate, roughly pubescent, Jinear, lanceolate or spathu- late, narrowed to the base, either entire, or unidentate at each side beyond the middle, or shortly 3-lobed ; paleze acuminate.
Var. a. Thunbergii; leaves mostly entire, sometimes denticulate. Aster strigo- sus, Thunb. ! Cap. 687, ex pte. Amellus strigosus, DC., l. c., 214,
Var. 8. Wildenovii; leaves mostly unidentate at each side. A. annuus, Willd. Sp. 3, 2215, DC., l.c. 215. Kaulfussia amelloides, Zey. ! Exsic. 99. Zey.! 785.
Var. y. tridactylus; most of the leaves 3-lobed, the upper entire. A. tridactylus, DC.! le. ‘
Has. Groenekloof, Thunb.! Beyond the Gariep, Burchell. Gauritz R., E. and Z.! Drege! Bosjisveld, Swell., Dr. Pappe! Sneeweberg, A. Wyley/ 8. Zwartkop, R. Zeyher! Albany, T. W. Nieuweveld, and Beaufort, Drege/ -y. Sneeweberg, Drege! Zwartkops R. Zey! (Herb. Thunb., D., Hk., Sd.)
A diffuse or often nearly prostrate annual, variable in size, and in the toothing of the leaves, but none of the above forms are constant to their assigned characters. Leaves 3-1-2 inches long, acute or obtuse, 1-3 lines wide. Zey! 2754 is intermediate between 8 and +.
6. A. coilopodius (DC. 1. c. 214); “root subsimple ; stems numer- ous, herbaceous, terete, pubescent, the middle one erect, the lateral ascending ; leaves linear, very entire, appressedly pubescent; peduncles hollow and swollen under the heads; invol. scales appressed, pubescent.’
Has. Near the Gariep, Drege. (Unknown to us.)
“ Stems 5-6 inches long. Leaves 1-14 inch long, a line wide. Rays many, blue. Chaff of recept. longer than the disc.” DC. The hollow peduncles, if any thing, seem to mark this species.
7. A.microglossus (DC. 1. c. 215); annual, diffusely much branched, pilose with long, spreading hairs ; leaves linear-spathulate, subobtuse, narrowed at base, very entire, pubescent, invol.-scales infolded, acumi- nate, squarrose, hispid at back ; rays very small and narrow ; achenes of the ray pubescent, of the dise thick-edged, ciliate, central ones abortive.
Has. Olifant’s R., and Zilverfontein, Little Namaqualand, Drege’ (Herb. D., Hik., Sd.
Headly known by its very small ray-florets. Leaves 1-14 in. long, 14-3 lines wide, roughly pubescent. Heads on short branches, leafy nearly to the summit. Pappus very deciduous, shorter than the flowers ; corona persistent.
8. A. nanus ae l.c. 215); annual, much branched from the base, depressed, in all parts rigidly and shortly appresso-pubescent, scabrid ; leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse, narrowed to the base, entire; heads subsessile, subtended by 1-2 leaves, becoming lateral; invol.-scales lanceolate, the outer keeled and infolded ; rays ample, obtuse, twice as long as the involucre; palece of the recept. shorter than the flowers, few, club-shaped, torulose ; achenes si/ky-ciliate; pappus similar in disc and ray.
64 COMPOSITE ( Harv.) [ Marre.
Has. Between Kaus, Natvoet, and Doornpoort, near the Gariep, Drege / (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.)
A depressed or prostrate, closely leafy annual, with large, blue-rayed, nearly ses- sile fl. heads, and crowded leaves. Lvs. 1-14 in. long, 1-2 lines wide. The paler of recept. and achenes are different from those of other species.
XIII. MAIREA, DC.
Heads many-flowered, heterogamous; ray-fl. ligulate, female and fertile; disc-fl, tubular, 5-toothed, hermaphrodite, either fertile or sterile. Recept. naked. Jnvol. subimbricate. Anthers simple at base. Achenes plano-compressed, glabrous or sparsely pilose. Pappus in one series, of feathered bristles. DC. Prod. 5, p. 217.
Herbaceous perennials, or small, slender, shrubby plants, associated by an artificial character, the feathery pappus. Leaves alternate, Stems or branches naked at the summit, peduncular, one-headed, rarely corymbose. Disc yellow; ray purple-blue or white, in one species yellow. The name is in honour of M, Maire, a Prussian explorer, who accompanied Mundt in his South African travels.
1. Pteropappus (Less.): Disc-flowers fertile. Herbaceous plants, with expanded leaves. (Sp. 1-3). Stemless. Rad. leaves obovate-oblong, cobwebby, at length abrous, wrens sae BOP A SIS: A eet) eremates Caulescent. Lvs. obl.-obovate, densely hairy beneath, crenate (2) hirsuta. Nearly stemless. Lvs. linear-spathulate, hairy, subentire... (3) perezioides. 2. Zyrphelis (Cass.): Disc-flower sterile. Rays blue or white. Mostly suffrutices. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, quite entire, rigid, ciliate. (Sp. 4-9). Nearly stemless. Rad. lvs. linear-spathulate, 4-5 incheslong (4) Burchellii. Branching undershrubs, with linear or subulate, ciliate lvs. : Heads terminating leafless branches (or peduncles ) : Achenes glabrous (or microscopically setulose) ... (5) taxifolia. Ach. densely silky ; heads many-fl.,invol. acuminate (6) lasiocarpa. Ach. pilose ; heads small, few-fi.; inv. scal.subacute (7) microcephala. Heads terminating leafy branches, small and few-fl. . 8) foliosa, Heads corymbose, on bracteate pedunc., ach. canescent (9) corymbosa. 3. Homochroma (DC.): Rays yellow. Disc sterile. A sca- brous: sutirntee i os Sie eer es
Szct. 1. PTEROPAPPUS: Disc-fl. fertile (Sp. 1-3).
1. M. crenata (Nees. Ast. 348); stemless; leaves crowded round the crown of the root, obovate-oblong, tapering into a petiole, thickish, 1-nerved, bluntly toothed, cobwebby, becoming glabrous; peduncle scape-like, woolly, with 2-3 distant, linear bracts; invol. scales pilose, membrane-edged. DC.l.c.217. Arnica crenata, Th. ! Cap. 668. Gerbera
‘a crenata, Bot. Reg.t. 855. Aster crenatus, Less.
Has. Langekloof, Thunb.; Table Mnt. summit, common, Mundt and Maire, Drege, W. H. H., &c.; Swellendam, £.¢ Z. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.)
Root-stock thickish. Radical leaves numerous, tufted, including the imperfect petiole, 2-3 inches long, 4-3 inch wide, their teeth callous-tipped. Peduncles 2-19 inches high, at first densely covered with coarse, whitish, curly hairs, afterwards almost nude. Flowers large and handsome, the disk an inch across; rays nearly uncial, violet-purple. “
2. M. hirsuta (DC.1.c.217); stem ascending, subsimple, very hairy, leafy to near the middle; leaves oblong-obovate, tapering into a petiole, r-nerved, bluntly toothed, pilose, becoming glabrous above, densely
Mairea.| COMPOSIT (Harv.) 65
hairy beneath ; peduncle terminal, sometimes branched, very hairy, with 2-3 distant, linear bracts; invol. scales hairy. Has. Swellendam, in mts. near Puspas valley, FZ. Z./ Zey./ 3071. (Hb. D., Sd.)
Differs from M. crenata in its longish, sometimes branching stem, and copious rusty pubescence, less thick leaves, and rather smaller flowers.
3. M. perezioides (Nees, Ast. 249); czespitose, scarcely caulescent ; leaves subradical, linear-spathulate, acute, with recurved margins, sub- entire or here and there toothed, pilose ; pedune. scapelike, with a few scattered, depauperated leaves on its lower half, densely glandular- pubescent ; invol.-scales rather longer than the disc, pluriseriate, linear- acute, hairy and glandular. DC. /. c.217. Aster perezioides, Less! Syn. 167. Leyssera pilosella, Thunb! Cap. and Herb. ex pte.
Has. Groenekloof and Zwartland, Thunberg! (Herb. Thunb.)
Stems densely tufted, 1-2 inches long, naked below, densely leafy at the extremity. Leaves 2-2} inches long, 2-3 lines wide, strongly midribbed beneath. Pedune. 4-6 inches long ; its leaves 3 inch long, 1 line wide ; its pubescence copious, of gland-tipped, short hairs. Rays purple. Pappus feathery. Achenes black, hairy on the face, margined and ciliate ——A distinctly marked species, which I have only seen in Herb. Thunb. <A very imperfect specimen from Mundt, in Hb. Hooker, comes near this, but is more rigid and scabrous, with smaller flewer-heads ; it may however be a mere variety.
Sect. 2, ZYRPHELIS: Disc-flowers sterile, rays blue or white. (Sp. 4~9.)
4. M. Burchellii (DC. 1. c. 218); “nearly stemless, radical leaves oblong-linear, glabrous, rigid, very entire, tapering at base and fringed with hairs; stems nearly leafless, sparingly branched, somewhat hairy ; invol.-scales acuminate, ciliate.” DC. (Disc-fi. sterile).
Has. Eastern districts, Burchell, No. 8200. (Unknown to us.)
** Leaves 4-5 inches long, below with a subprominent nerve, above half infolded. Stems rather shorter than the leaves. Invol. in two rows. Achenes subcompressed, very villous, narrowed at base.” DC.
5. M. taxifolia (DC. 1. ¢. 218); stem half-shrubby, erect, branched ; leaves linear, acute, rigidly ciliate to the middle or beyond it; pedunce. softly hairy ; invol.-scales acuminate; achenes guite glabrous or hispi- dulous. Aster taxifolius, Linn.—Leyssera ciliata, Th! Cap. 690. Aster filiformis, Eckl.
Var. 8. pinifolia; achenes sparingly and minutely hispidulous. M. pinifolia, Sch. B. MM. lasiocarpa, Drege! in Herb. Hook.
Has. On and about Table Mt., common: §, with the common variety. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk., &c.)
A slender suffrutex, 6-15 inches high, much-branched ; branches erect, subsimple, leafy for ? of their length. Leaves 4-1 inch long, 4 line wide. Disc 3-4 lines across ; rays 4 lines long, purple. The stem is sometimes decumbent, with ascend- ing branches and falcato-secund leaves. fe
6. M. lasiocarpa. (DC. 1. c.); stem half-shrubby, erect, branched ; leaves linear, acute, rigidly ciliate; pedunc. glandularly bristly ; invol. scales acuminate ; achenes densely silky.
a gle Caledon, £. Z./ Witsenberg, and Zwarteberg, Zeyher! 2751. (Herb., ., Cap.
Very ibe a . taxifolia, but easily known by its silky achenes. Drege’s specimens
distributed under this name belong (so far as I have seen) to M. taxifolia 8B. The
VOL, Ui, 5
66 composit#& (Harv.) [Gymnostephiwm.
pedunc. in this species is rough with short, spreading, glandular bristles ; in M. taxifolia, thinly clothed with soft, cobwebby hairs.
7. M. microcephala (DC. 1. c.); stem half-shrubby, erect, branched ; leaves linear, ciliate or pubescent ; pedunc. glandularly bristly ; heads
small; invol.-scales few, subacute ; achenes pilose. Elphegea micro- cephala Less. Syn. 184.
Has. Cape, Mundt & Maire, Burchell; Zeederberg, Drege! Zwellendam, Ecklon; Zwarteberg, Zey./ 2751. (Herb. Hk., Sd.)
Very similar to the preceding, but smaller in all parts, with much smaller heads. Peduncles naked, 2~4 inches long.
8. M. foliosa (Harv.) ; stem half-shrubby, corymbosely much- branched, branches spreading, leafy to the swmmit; leaves linear, ob-
tuse, ciliate and pilose ; heads small, subsessile, ending leafy branches ; invol.-seales few, subacute ; achenes pilose.
Has. Seekuvallei, #. Z.! Hott. Hollandsberg, Zey./ 2752. (Herb. Sd., Hk.) Nearly related to M. microcephala, but with quite a different aspect, 3-5 inches
high, very much branched and ramulous, all the fiowering branches leafy to the summit. The dried specimens are glaucous,
9. M. corymbosa (Harv.); shrubby, robust, erect, branched; leaves broadly linear-subulate or lanceolate-subulate, acute, flat, 3-nerved, ciliato-serrate ; pedune. numerous, corymbose at the ends of the branches, scabrous, pluribracteate ; involucral scales. 3-seriate, lanceolate, acute, glabrous, ciliate, 3-ribbed; achenes of ray densely cano-pubescent.
Has. Near the mouth of the Klyn R., Zey./ 2742. (Herb. Sd., Hk., D., Cap.)
-Two feet high or more; the most robust and woody of the genus. Leaves 1-13 inch long, 1-3 lines wide at base, the young ones erect, the old deflexed, all rather rigid, with immersed glands. The branches are leafy to the summit, and from the axils of the uppermost leaves spring many short (2-3 inch long) peduncles, each bearing several depauperated, scattered leaves or bracts. Invol. scales each with 3 glandular rib-striz. Achenes of the ray with copious, plumose pappus. Almost
identical in aspect and foliage with Gymnostephium corymbosum, but with a very different involucre, and copious feathery pappus ! cowed
Sect. 3. HOMOCHROMA: Rays yellow.
10. M. Eklonis (Sond.); half-shrubby, erect, branched, all parts very rough with glandular bristles, and sparingly pilose; leaves linear- lanceolate, 1-nerved, acute, flat, on both sides scabrid, the younger also ciliate with long, soft hairs; peduncles short; heads many-flowered ; invol. scales acuminate; achenes densely silky. Homochroma Ecklonis, DC. 1. c. 324.
Has. Near Tulbagh, Worcester, Z.§ Z./ Brackfontein, Zey.! (Herb. Sond.)
More rigid and robust than any of the preceding section, with broader, flatter,
and very scabrid leaves. The rays are yellow, on which character De Candolle founds his genus Homochroma: in all other respects this plant agrees with Mairea.
XIV. GYMNOSTEPHIUM, Less.
Heads many-fl., radiate; ray-fl. female, ligulate, in one row; disc-/l. tubular-funnel-shaped, 5-toothed, sterile (with perfect, bifid styles, but — abortive ovaries). Invol. scales imbricate. Achenes of the ray-fl. plano- compressed, rib-margined, beakless, glandularly-scabrous on the dis¢; _
Gymnostephium.| | COMPOSIT& (Harv.) 67
of the disc linear, empty. Pappus caducous, of few setz, either shortly- feathery or barbato-serrate ; ray-fl. either wholly without pappus, or with 1-2 bristles. DC. l. c. p. 300.
South African suffrutices or half-herbaceous plants, with slender, rod-like, leafy branches. Leaves alternate, linear or subulate, acute, entire, smooth or ciliate at the margins. Heads pedunculate, solitary, small ; the ray blue, the disc yellow. Invol. scales mostly marked with long, glandular ribs. Nearly related to Mairea, from which it scarcely differs except by the scanty and less plumose pappus; I find the ray-flowers with or without pappus in species which are otherwise very closely allied. Name from yuuvos, naked, and oreos, a crown; alluding to the want of pappus